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Discussion On Social Dilemmas Surrounding Climate Change Essay Help Services

Description
This is a follow up assignment that I have been working on since the beginning of the year. I have already wrote a letter to the government to take action upon climate change and have already made an annotated bibliography for some sources i came across. Now my proff is asking for a presentation essay that is a minimum 6 pages(1 page thesis, 4 page research and reflection and lastly a one page conclusion).This assignment is worth a huge chunk of my mark so I need a great job done on it. My research that i chose earlier in the year expands on issues and social dilemmas surrounding climate change. Apa in text citation are required (Apa bibliography is not included in the 6 pages)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REVISED LETTER
 
Sina Torabi
Seneca College
Com101 NDC: Communication Across context
Professor Mike Ainsworth
Date Submitted: November 23, 2020
 
 
108 Oxford St
Richmond-Hill Ontario L4C4L5
23/11/2020.
Mr. Doug Ford
Premier’s Office
Room 281
Legislative building, Queens Park
Toronto, ON M7A1A1
 
Dear Mr. Ford
Greetings. I hope this finds you well. The purpose of this letter is to illustrate to the constituency government how how climate change is spreading, its effects on human activities and lifestyle, and people’s perspectives on the same. Hopefully, the urgency of the matter will strike and the need for change be triggered by this letter. In the ‘Climate Change’ article in Climate Change Evidence (2020), the general variations implicated in the climate that has affected the globe are described in detail. Before the research begins, we should ask ourselves questions like, “What are the impacts of climate on us?” or “How can we change the situation?” Most of the climate variations have been caused by changes in the earth’s orbit that alter the amount of heat energy released on the climate. The ozone layer, a small invisible thin layer that protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun, is damaged; therefore, some of these harmful rays ship into the earth. This exposes people to the risk of acquiring cancer, especially of the skin and eyes. The article presents enough evidence on the variations of climate. The climatic changes have been attributed to the rise of temperatures above normal and ocean warming. Ocean warming has led to the rise in sea levels due to the melting glaciers in the north pole that trickle into the ocean. Moreover, human activities have led to increased acidity in the ocean. The industrial wastes that are dumped into the ocean change the Ph of the water bodies. This endangers the life of aquatic animals who live in those water bodies. The article further mentions extreme weather conditions, the melting of ice in the arctic sea, and reduction in the snow cover. The article presents good evidence that the earth is warming at higher rates. However, the article does not offer recommendations for dealing with the problems of warming. The article is useful in showcasing the general changes in climate.
Moreover, people’s perceptions of climate facts have also been documented in Hall’s article (2019) “Climate explained.” Hall says some individuals do not accept the facts released on climate. Instead of countering the new realities and technologies that will help solve the problems, they develop negative perceptions of the facts released by climate bodies. This development of negative perceptions against the realities of climate has been attributed to politicking. Politicking is the involvement of activities associated with governance, status, or power. Some companies have falsified realities by choosing to blind the public to continue with their environment-harming activities without them noticing. As a result, citizens get blinded and oversee the realities that might negatively impact the climate. The article presents and problem and reviews the techniques of dealing with the problem. It illustrates how people should learn to incorporate different methods of tracking the activities done by the industries, for instance, their waste disposal and the results put for public display. This will make them feel accountable to do the right thing since everyone is aware of their activities. Moreover, the article presents a view of overcoming the denial that people have on climatic facts. The sources are significant in developing a problem and then offering a counter solution, creating a market gap that develops entrepreneurial entries for individuals. People have the power to dissent or acknowledge the information on climate change.
In terms of global warming, Montgomery (2019), in the article “Canada: A world’s hot spot and that’s not good,” expounds on a recent climate report, which indicates that the rate of warming in Canada is doubled the average rates of the world. Canada is part of the north pole; therefore, the temperature is expected to be low for most part of the year. On the contrary, Canada’s Northern regions are warming at even higher rates, leading to the melting of glaciers in Canada. The rate of warming in the Northern regions is about thrice the world average, which is alarming. The warming has been attributed to increased human activities. The increase in temperatures is irreversible. The reports present sufficient evidence to necessitate immediate actions that will counter the situation. However, the reports do not provide recommendations on acting on the emergencies or technologies that will help solve the problem. It lays bare information that does not mitigate efforts. The author articulates that report was only meant to determine and write down the changes in temperature and future occurrences under low carbon displays.
Finally, in the article, “Canada’s oil patch cuts back climate efforts under pandemic the U.S.,” Nickel (2020) talks about international oil companies that opted to leave the rich Canadian industry due to the greater costs of turning out the profit from the sector. The companies left the Canadian market due to the effects the mining was causing to the environment. Many companies have fallen in the same trajectory. The corporations have cut down the spending on green initiatives. The moves got hampered by the losses experienced by companies due to lockdowns. The companies have reduced their activities due to the rising need to protect the environmental effect on oil-sands production. The author articulates that the Canadian government wants to reduce the emissions by 2050, yet nothing has been drafted. The article has good policies for managing pollutions; however, nothing has been recommended. The Canadian moves on; protecting the environment is great. Clear plans should be structured to realize this dream.
I hope that my views and contributions will give the constituency government a lead to start working on efforts to stabilize our environment and minimize climate change. Thank you for your time. I hope to hear from you soon as we forge on with the fight to improve our environment.
 
Regards.
Yours sincerely,
Sina Torabi
 
 
References
Climate Change Evidence: How Do We Know. (2020). Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/
Hall, D. (2019). “Climate explained: why some people still think climate change isn’t real.” The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/climate-explained-why-some-people-still-think-climate-change-isnt-real-124763
Montgomery, M. (2019). “Canada: A world hot spot, but that’s not good.” RCI | English. https://www.rcinet.ca/en/2019/04/02/canada-a-world-hot-spot-but-thats-not-good/
Nickel, R. J. L. (2020). “Canada’s oil patch cuts back climate efforts under pandemic. U.S.” https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-oil-canada-environment-focus-idUSKBN23L06G
 
 
 
 
 
Annotated Bibliography
Sina Torabi
Seneca College
Com101 NDC: Communication Across Context
Professor Mike Ainsworth
Date Submitted: November 9, 2020
 
 
 
Climate Change Evidence: How Do We Know? (2020, October 16). Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/
The article describes the general variations implicated on the climate that have affected the globe. Most of the variations in climate have been caused by changes in the Earth’s orbit that alter, the amount of heat energy that is released on the climate. The article presents enough evidence on the variations of climate. The climatic changes have been attributed to rise of temperatures above normal and ocean warming. Ocean warming has led to the rise in the sea levels. Human activities have led to increased acidity in the ocean. The article further mentions that the occurrences of extreme weather conditions, the melting of ice in the arctic sea, and reduction in the snow cover. The article presents good evidence that the earth is warming at higher rates. However, the article does not offer recommendations of dealing with the problems of warming. The article is useful in showcasing the general changes in climate.
Hall, D. (2019, October 8). Climate explained: why some people still think climate change isn’t real. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/climate-explained-why-some-people-still-think-climate-change-isnt-real-124763
The article looks at people’s perception on climate facts. Some individuals do not accept the facts released on climate. Instead, of countering the new realities, they develop negative perceptions on the facts released by climate bodies. The development negative perceptions against the realities of climate has been attributed to politicking. Some companies have falsified realities by choosing to blind the public so that they can continue with their activities. As a result, citizens get blinded oversee the realities that might negatively impact the climate. The article presents and problem and reviews on the techniques of dealing with the problem. The article presents a view of overcoming the denial that people have on climatic facts. The sources are significant in developing a problem and then offering a counter solution. People have the power to dissent or acknowledge information on climate change.
Montgomery, M. (2019, April 2). Canada: A world hot spot but that’s not good. RCI | English. https://www.rcinet.ca/en/2019/04/02/canada-a-world-hot-spot-but-thats-not-good/
The article expounds on a recent report on climate which indicates that the rate of warming in Canada is doubled than the average rates of the world. It expounds that the Northern regions of Canada are warming at even higher rates. The rate of warming in the Northern regions is about thrice the world average. The warming has been attributed to increased human activities. The increase in temperatures is irreversible. The reports present sufficient evidence to necessitate immediate actions. However, the reports do not provide recommendations on acting on the emergencies. It lays bare information that does not mitigate efforts. The author articulates that report was only meant to determine and write down the changes in temperature and future occurrences under low carbon displays.
Nickel, R. J. L. (2020, June 14). Canada’s oil patch cuts back climate efforts under pandemic. U.S. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-oil-canada-environment-focus-idUSKBN23L06G
The article talks about international oil companies that opted to leave the rich Canadian industry due to the greater costs of turning out the profit from the sector. The companies left the Canadian market due to the effects the mining was causing to the environment. Many companies have fallen in the same trajectory. The corporations have cut down the spending on green initiatives. The moves got hampered by the losses experienced by companies due to lockdowns. The companies have reduced their activities due to the rising need to protect the environmental effect on oil-sands production. The author articulates that the Canadian government wants to reduce the emissions by 2050, yet nothing has been drafted. The article has good policies of managing pollutions, however, nothing has been recommended. The Canadian moves on protecting the environment are great. Clear plans should be structured to realize this dream.
 
 
 
 
COM 101 Academic Argument Assignment
 
As a result of your advocacy, you have been asked to present your findings on your social justice issue in a formal academic setting.  This assignment asks that you create an academic argument based on your research.  You are asked to formulate an original thesis and an evidence based defense of your topic.  You should consult a minimum of five academic sources in your research.  Your final paper should be a minimum of six pages.  You may use any research materials you wish and are not obligated to include all materials from the annotated bibliography assignment.  However, the sources must meet the quality standards we have discussed throughout the year.  Note the new audience, purpose, tone and genre for this assignment.  You are now presenting a research based argument about your topic, NOT a call for change/action.  Consult the writing tutorials on writing a research paper and developing a thesis statement to ensure your writing conforms to academic standards.
 
Content  (25 marks)
 
Your research demonstrates a thorough understanding of the topic, you offer a cogent argument with thorough evidence in support of your claims, there is a sophisticated understanding of the topic, and the argument is persuasive to a learned audience.  Sufficient research is present to support claims.
 
Analysis  (25 marks)
 
You demonstrate critical thinking regarding the evidence you present, you offer commentary on your findings, your argument is well considered, thoroughly researched and supported.  Strengths and weaknesses of arguments and counterarguments are addressed throughout the paper.
 
Organization (25 marks)
 
You observe an academic tone throughout your paper, proper paragraphing and formal essay structure is observed throughout, you observe proper transition between ideas, there is a logical and discernible organization of your thoughts.
 
Style (25 marks)
 
Your paper is free of spelling errors, grammatical mistakes and language level issues, you avoid colloquial language, you demonstrate an understanding of rhetorical appeals, and you maintain formal diction throughout the paper.
 
This assignment is due at 11:59pm on Friday, December 4.  It should be submitted electronically via the class Blackboard site.  The late penalty is 5% per school day.  If you have any questions or concerns please ask well before this date.  This class will be using APA citation and a style tutorial is available through the library.  Please use a 12 point font and 1 inch margins all around.  Your paper should be a minimum of 6 pages, excluding any title page or works referenced page.
 
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INTRODUCTION (provide a broad yet meaningful of the subject matter under
investigation)
RESEARCH QUESTIONS (between 3-5 only and should correspond with
chapters)
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES and Statement of Problems

LITERATURE REVIEW (Should be fairly extensive and cover the major as wellas most recent works. Provide a critical appraisal of the works under review andnot mere summaries. These can be addressed in a thematic manner as well.) important

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY (e.g. the work’s contribution to knowledge)

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (quantitative, qualitative or mixed-method;
methods of obtaining data i.e. primary & secondary sources, interviews
(structured or semi-structured); methods of sampling, etc.)- library research, lab work, field work, historical documentary, interview, survey, evaluation and analysis important

 
 
Research area:
Cultural heritage and arts design
 
Title of research proposal:
Research on Inheritance and Industrialization Development of Manchu Paper-cut Art in Northeast China
 
Key words
Intangible cultural heritage; Manchu paper-cutting art; cultural inheritance; industrialization development
 
 
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Detailed Scope of Work
 
The scope of this project is to reduce leg length discrepancies (LLD) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) by designing a device to decrease LLD post THA, improve patient comfort, and prevent litigation.
List of Deliverables (Blue text are ENGR 401/402 course assignments):

Project Charter and Communication Plan – Due 9/21/2020
Project Scope and Work Breakdown Structure – Due 9/28/2020
Project Schedule and Cost Estimate – Due 10/5/2020
Project Budget Request – Due 10/19/2020
Project Proposal with Budget Request – Due 10/26/2020
Problem Identification (Background Research, Procedural Techniques, Causes, FDA Requirements)
Design Prototype (2D Sketch, CAD sketch, FEA, Simulation)
Fall Semester Design Presentation and Report – Due 11/23/2020
Manufacture Prototype

Final Presentation – Due 4/2/2020
Poster – Due 4/5/2020
Final Project Report – Due 5/3/2020

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Microsoft Project Timeline
 
 
 
Figure 1: Timeline Summary of Project
 
Figure 1 above shows a detailed timeline of the project a device to assist in reducing leg length discrepancy post total hip arthroplasty.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost Estimate
 
Table 1: Cost Estimate for Reducing LLD after THA

 
Item
Cost
Comment

Direct Costs
HATCHBOX PLA 3D Printer Filament,
Dimensional Accuracy +/- 0.03 mm, 1 kg Spool, 1.75 mm
$91.96
$22.99 per spool

Digital Caliber
$24.99
 

Microaire Surgical Drill Bit Tap Screws
$110.99
 

Lazer Distance Measurer
$49.99
 

Hip Implant
$156.98
shipping included

Subtotal Direct Cost
$434.91
 

Indirects
Coding
$0.00
 

Drafting
$0.00
 

Subtotal Indirect Cost
$0.00
 

Subtotal
$434.91
 

Contingency
$217.46
~~50%

TOTAL
$652.37
 

 
 
Project Title: A Device to Assist in Reducing Leg Length Discrepancy Post Total Hip Arthroplasty
             
Table of Contents
Directory…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
Project Description……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
Project Justification……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6
Detailed Scope of Work……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
Microsoft Project Timeline………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
Cost Estimate……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
 
 
List of Figures
Figure 1: Timeline Summary of Project …………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
 
List of Tables
Table 1: Cost Estimate for Reducing LLD after THA ………………………………………………………………………….. 9
 
             
Directory
 
Senior Project AY 2020-2021
Team No: 1
Date Submitted: 11/2/2020
 
Project Title: Reducing Leg Length Discrepancy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Executive Summary
 
Leg-length discrepancy (LLD) after total hip arthroplasty continues to be a vexing problem for both the patient (dissatisfaction, correctional surgery) and the surgeon (litigations). Although, the need to minimize LLD is well recognized in the literature, there is not enough evidence of an available solution. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to find a solution to combat LLD that occurs due to total hip replacement surgery. To realize our objective, two different approaches will be adopted: (i) designing a device that will improve pre-operative leg length measurements that forms the basis for the hip replacement surgery (ii)modification the hip implant to allow minimally invasive re-surgery.  The design and construction of two different approaches will be followed by mechanical and volunteer testing to validate the accuracy, safety, and performance of the two products.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Project Description
 
Post-operative leg length discrepancies (LLD) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the primary causes of patient dissatisfaction and at common reason for litigation against the orthopedic community. LLD is associated with back pain and sciatica, neuritis, gait disorders, general dissatisfaction, dislocation and early loosening of components that may eventually require a revision surgery. The incidence of LLD after primary THA ranges anywhere from 1 – 27 % and the discrepancy is reported to vary from 3 – 70 mm. Although there are various methods of minimizing LLD based on preoperative planning with radiological templates or intraoperative methods of measurement, the number of incidences is high enough to warrant investigation of other novel efficient techniques/devices. The aim of this project is to design a device to efficiently evaluate limb lengths before surgery to ensure minimal leg length discrepancy post-surgery while also creating a hip replacement component that is adjustable to make re-surgery corrections less invasive and more efficient The team will be involved in concept generation, developing testing methodologies to evaluate those concepts, device design and prototyping.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Project Justification
 
The purpose of this project is to minimize the occurrence of leg length discrepancy (LLD) associated with total hip arthroplasty. The incidences of LLD after primary hip replacement ranges anywhere from 1 – 27 %, i.e. nearly one fourth of the patients undergoing hip replacement surgery suffers from either a mild or an intermediate or a severe form of it. Patient satisfaction is the highest standard for all medical progressions and it is relevant to say that reducing LLD would allow the patients to lead a comfortable lifestyle, and avoid problems such as medial tibial stress syndrome, patellofemoral pain syndrome, patellar tendonitis, and foot problems, including plantar fasciitis.
 
The hospital and medical community would also benefit from a solution to reduce the occurrence of LLD. As of today, LLD is the most common cause of lawsuits against the orthopedic community Furthermore, the average indemnity payment because leg length discrepancy was $386,150, a loss coming to the hospital and its constituents. With a reduced risk, the hospital is protecting itself from defamation and saving money.
 
The approaches that we have proposed in this project addresses LLD at two levels, the measuring device will ensure that incidences of LLD is reduced in the first place; the implant modification will ensure that in case the LLD occurs a minimally invasive surgery can correct for

 
 
 
Detailed Scope of Work
 
The scope of this project is to reduce leg length discrepancies (LLD) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) by designing a device to decrease LLD post THA, improve patient comfort, and prevent litigation.
List of Deliverables (Blue text are ENGR 401/402 course assignments):

Project Charter and Communication Plan – Due 9/21/2020
Project Scope and Work Breakdown Structure – Due 9/28/2020
Project Schedule and Cost Estimate – Due 10/5/2020
Project Budget Request – Due 10/19/2020
Project Proposal with Budget Request – Due 10/26/2020
Problem Identification (Background Research, Procedural Techniques, Causes, FDA Requirements)
Design Prototype (2D Sketch, CAD sketch, FEA, Simulation)
Fall Semester Design Presentation and Report – Due 11/23/2020
Manufacture Prototype

Final Presentation – Due 4/2/2020
Poster – Due 4/5/2020
Final Project Report – Due 5/3/2020

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Microsoft Project Timeline
 
 
 
Figure 1: Timeline Summary of Project
 
Figure 1 above shows a detailed timeline of the project a device to assist in reducing leg length discrepancy post total hip arthroplasty.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost Estimate
 
Table 1: Cost Estimate for Reducing LLD after THA

 
Item
Cost
Comment

Direct Costs
HATCHBOX PLA 3D Printer Filament,
Dimensional Accuracy +/- 0.03 mm, 1 kg Spool, 1.75 mm
$91.96
$22.99 per spool

Digital Caliber
$24.99
 

Microaire Surgical Drill Bit Tap Screws
$110.99
 

Lazer Distance Measurer
$49.99
 

Hip Implant
$156.98
shipping included

Subtotal Direct Cost
$434.91
 

Indirects
Coding
$0.00
 

Drafting
$0.00
 

Subtotal Indirect Cost
$0.00
 

Subtotal
$434.91
 

Contingency
$217.46
~~50%

TOTAL
$652.37
 

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Project Charter and Communication Plan – Due 9/21/2020
Project Scope and Work Breakdown Structure – Due 9/28/2020
Project Schedule and Cost Estimate – Due 10/5/2020
Project Budget Request – Due 10/19/2020
Project Proposal with Budget Request – Due 10/26/2020
Problem Identification (Background Research, Procedural Techniques, Causes, FDA Requirements)
Design Prototype (2D Sketch, CAD sketch, FEA, Simulation)
Fall Semester Design Presentation and Report – Due 11/23/2020
Manufacture Prototype
Mechanical Testing and Validation of Assistive Device (Stress test)
Human Volunteer Testing (Ergonomic, Quality, Application, Performance)
Final Presentation – Due 4/2/2020
Poster – Due 4/5/2020
Final Project Report – Due 5/3/2020

 
Part 2: Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

WBS for Leg Length Discrepancies after Total Hip Arthroplasty

Initiation

Prepare Charter and Communication Plan Deadline 9/21/2020

Planning

Develop Project Scope Deadline 9/28/2020
Problem Identification
Prepare Schedule
Estimate Cost for Project
Develop Project Proposal

Concept Generation

Research on Identified Problem
Patent Searches and Predicate Devices Review
Physician or medical professional interview
Identify Wants, Needs, & Constraints
Define Project Outcome
Develop Preliminary Designs

Materials
Sterilization method

Prototype Creation

Create a design sketch and procedural outline
Size Components of System

Dimension of device/sensor
Method write up for use of device

Create Product in CAD and 3D modeling system (i.e. solidworks)
Produce Prototype by 3D Printing
Order parts and assemble device

Validation of Product

Use FEA to test for structural integrity
Test Prototype for efficiency

Ergonomics
Quality
Performance

Volunteer survey
Meeting of ASTM Standard for Prototype
FDA Approval Method Research

Classification of Device
Premarket Submission

Compare Device and Procedures to Pre-existing Products (In Market & Patents)

Presentation

Create Draft Poster and Report
Prepare Draft Project and Presentation
Create and Finalize Poster and Report Deadline 11/23/2020
Prepare Final Presentation Deadline 4/2/2020

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Generate a two page document about the design and manufacturing methods adopted in the semiconductor integrated circuit industry for the design and manufacturing of P-N junction Diodes and MOSFETs.
Generate a one-page document about the document the role of economics, safety, and manufacturability of microelectronics devices and circuits that will help to improve the life of society and economy.
FinFET (Fin Field Effect Transistor) is a non-classical MOSFET used in 22nm technology. Research about the need for modifying the classical MOSFET to FinFET and advantages and disadvantages of FinFET compared to MOSFET. Write a two-page article with citation, reference and illustrations.

 
All sources must be referenced in your bibliography at the end of the 2-page document. You must also cite the reference in your write-up wherever it is referenced or applicable. Regarding figures and illustrations, you are not allowed to copy and paste. Study the figures and make your own figures and illustrations. Only on need basis you are allowed to use the published figures with citation. If possible, you may make your own figures. This assignment will be passed through Turnitin and grade will be decided by the Turnitin plagiarism count and technical content. Your assignment will be rejected if the Turnitin plagiarism is >20% and you will be awarded a 0 grade.
 
Criteria
Correctly identified the problem and solution method. Answers to the electronics circuit analysis show excellent understanding of how the semiconductor integrated circuit work. Provided correct answers and step by step explanation provided in a clear and precise manner
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Competency
In this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competency:

Write programs by applying concepts and principles of object-oriented programming

Scenario

You work for Global Rain, a software engineering company that specializes in custom software design and development. As a junior software developer, you are part of a software development team that collaborates to create solutions for entrepreneurs, businesses, and government agencies around the world.
As part of a development team at Global Rain, you will be designing and developing custom software for a local pet boarding and grooming business, Pet Boarding and Grooming (Pet BAG). Pet BAG is seeking a way to modernize its operations by introducing custom software that will help replace inefficient paper-based processes. Your Global Rain team will collaborate to develop an app that will have the following initial functional areas: Check-in pets, Check-out pets, Pet management, and Reports.
As part of this team, you have been tasked with completing some preliminary work that consists of writing a Java class, writing pseudocode, and creating a flowchart. You will provide these deliverables to your supervisor.
Directions
Pet BAG has provided you with a specification document detailing its software needs and design documentation from your supervisor to complete your tasks.

Before you begin, it is important to analyze your client’s software requirements and the design documentation from the Supporting Materials section. Specifically, review the Pet BAG specification document and the UML Class diagram, paying close attention to the class hierarchy, attributes, and behaviors.

To begin, open the Virtual Lab by clicking on the link in the Virtual Lab Access module. Then open your integrated development environment (IDE) and create the Pet class based on the UML Class diagram. The Pet class must meet all the specifications from the class diagram including the following:

All attributes with appropriate data structures
At least one constructor method
Accessors and mutators for all attributes

When you are done implementing the Pet class, refer back to the Pet BAG specification document and select either the pet check-in or check-out method. These methods are detailed in the Functionality section of the specification document. You will develop pseudocode and a flowchart for the method you select.

Based on the method you chose, write pseudocode that lays out a plan for the method, ensuring that you organize each step in a logical manner. Remember, you will not be creating the actual code for the method, and you do not have to write pseudocode for both methods.

Based on the pseudocode you wrote, use the tool of your choice to create a flowchart for the method you selected. Your flowchart will help your team communicate how you are planning to develop the software for your client. In your flowchart, be sure to do the following:

Include start and end points.
Include appropriate decision branching.
Align the flowchart to the check-in/check-out process.

Based on your software design and development experience, your supervisor has asked you to articulate your programming approach. This will help ensure clarity, consistency, and efficiency among all developers working on this app. Specifically, you have been asked to briefly explain how you applied object-oriented programming principles and concepts (conditional statements, inheritance, and so on) in the your software development work thus far.

What to Submit
To complete this project, you must submit the following:
Pet.java Class File
As part of your tasks for the software development team, create the Pet class in your integrated development environment (IDE). To submit this deliverable, save the Pet class file as Pet.java.
Global Rain Summary Report
As a junior software developer, you will use the Global Rain Summary Report Template to complete the report. Your report must contain your pseudocode, flowchart, and explanation of the object-oriented programming principles you applied.
I have attached the Dog.java file that is functional, as well as the pseudocode, and flowchart. I need the Object-oriented programming principles section completed on the template.

ATTACHMENTS

20200913192251dog.zip

it_145_summary_report_template__1_.docx

document_10.docx
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cc
bcc
subject
body
Date

[email protected]
[email protected]
Data
data are not fine
1000

2100

950

Data are Fine
1900

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200

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200

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493

294

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Question #2: This question is an exploration of some of the techniques behind the Method of Multiple Relative Robust Representations (MRRR), which is mentioned in the enrichment in Unit 10.4.5 (https://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/flame/laff/alaff/chapter10-MRRR.html). This exercise requires you to go through a somewhat lengthy document that gives context (attached). Don’t feel intimidated: we walk you through the steps. While you could do all exercises in that document for your own learning, you will be graded on: (a) Exercise 5.2. (b) Exercise 6.1. (c) Exercise 7.1. Question #3: Singular Value Decomposition Theorem.
 
 
Twisted Factorization
Robert van de Geijn Margaret Myers
November 24, 2020
Abstract
This document provides a number of exercises that help us review ideas that we have encountered
in our course “Advanced Linear Algebra: Foundations to Frontiers,” extending traditional matrix factorizations. The insights are related to techniques that underlie the fastest algorithm for finding eigenvectors of a tridiagonal matrix: the Method of Multiple Relatively Robust Representations (MRRR).
1 MRRR, from 35,000 Feet
The Method of Multiple Relatively Robust Representations (MRRR) [1] is an algorithm that, given a
tridiagonal matrix and its eigenvalues, computes eigenvectors associated with that matrix in O(n) time
per eigenvector. This means it computes all eigenvectors in O(n2) time, which is much faster than the
tridiagonal QR algorithm (which requires O(n3) computation for all eigenvectors). Notice that highly
accurate eigenvalues of a tridiagonal matrix can themselves be computed in O(n2) time. So, it is legitimate
to start by assuming that we have these highly accurate eigenvalues. Importantly, the MRRR algorithm
can efficiently compute eigenvectors corresponding to a subset of eigenvalues.
The benefit when computing all eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a dense matrix is considerably less
because transforming the eigenvectors of the tridiagonal matrix back into the eigenvectors of the dense
matrix requires an extra O(n3) computation, as discussed in [2].
Notice that the devil is in the details of the MRRR algorithm. Making the method totally robust has
taken decades of hard work, since the method does not rely exclusively on unitary similarity transformations. It is particularly for matrices that have clusters of (nearly equal) eigenvalues that things get tricky.
Those details are well beyond the scope of this note.
2 This document
A fundamental idea behind MRRR is that of a twisted factorization of the tridiagonal matrix. In this document, we play around with such factorizations: how to compute them and how to compute an eigenvector
with it. We start by reminding the reader of what the Cholesky factorization of a symmetric positive
definite (SPD) matrix is. Then we discuss the Cholesky factorization of a tridiagonal SPD matrix. This
then leads to the LDLT factorization of a symmetric indefinite and symmetric indefinite tridiagonal matrix.
Next follows a discussion of the UDUT factorization of a symmetric indefinite matrix. Combining insights
from the LDLT and UDUT factorizations finally yields the twisted factorization. When the matrix is nearly
singular, which happens when the matrix is shifted by the eigenvalue of interest, an approximation of the
twisted factorization can then be used to compute an approximate eigenvalue.
1
3 Cholesky Factorization, Again
We have discussed in class the Cholesky factorization, A = LLT, which requires a matrix to be symmetric
positive definite. (We will restrict our discussion to real matrices.) The following computes the Cholesky
factorization:
• Partition A →   α a21 11 A aT 21 22  .
• Update α11 := √α11.
• Update a21 := a21/α11.
• Update A22 := A22 −a21aT 21 (updating only the lower triangular part).
• Continue to compute the Cholesky factorization of the updated A22.
The resulting algorithm is given in Figure 1.
In the special case where A is tridiagonal and SPD, the algorithm needs to be modified so that it can
take advantage of zero elements:
• Partition A →

α11 ? ?
α21 α22 ?
0 α32eF A33

, where ? indicates the symmetric part that is not stored. Here
eF indicates the standard basis vector with a “1” as first element.
• Update α11 := √α11.
• Update α21 := α21/α11.
• Update α22 := α22 −α2 21.
• Continue to compute the Cholesky factorization of

α22 ?
α32eF A33

The resulting algorithm is given in Figure 2. In that figure, it helps to interpret F, M, and L as First,
Middle, and Last. Notice that the Cholesky factor of a tridiagonal matrix is a lower bidiagonal matrix that
overwrites the lower triangular part of the tridiagonal matrix A.
Naturally, the whole matrix needs not be stored. But that detail is not important for our discussion.
4 The LDLT Factorization
Now, one can alternatively compute A = LDLT, where L is unit lower triangular and D is diagonal. We will
look at how this is done first and will then note that this factorization can be computed for any indefinite
2
Algorithm: A := CHOL(A)
Partition A →   A ATL BL A? BR  
where ATL is 0×0
while m(ATL) < m(A) do
Repartition

ATL ?
ABL ABR

→

A00 ? ?
aT
10 α11 ?
A20 a21 A22

α11 := √α11
a21 := a21/α11
A22 := A22 −a21aT 21
Continue with

ATL ?
ABL ABR

←

A00 ? ?
aT
10 α11 ?
A20 a21 A22

endwhile
Figure 1: Algorithm for computing the Cholesky factorization. Updates to A22 affect only the lower
triangular part.
3
Algorithm: A := CHOL TRI(A)
Partition A →

AFF ? ?
αMFeT L αMM ?
0 αLMeF ALL

where AFF is 0×0
while m(AFF) < m(A) do
Repartition

AFF ? ?
αMFeT L αMM ?
0 αLMeF ALL

→

A00 ? ?
α10eT L α11 ? ?
0 α21 α22 ?
0 0 α32eF A33

α11 := √α11
α21 := α21/α11
α22 := α22 −α2 21
Continue with

AFF ? ?
αMFeT L αMM ?
0 αLMeF ALL

←

A00 ? ?
α10eT L α11 ? ?
0 α21 α22 ?
0 0 α32eF A33

endwhile
Figure 2: Algorithm for computing the the Cholesky factorization of a tridiagonal matrix.
4
(nonsingular) symmetric matrix. (Notice: the so computed L is not the same as the L computed by the
Cholesky factorization.) Partition
A →   α a21 11 A aT 21 22  ,L →   l21 1 L0 22  , and D →   δ01 D0 22  .
Then

α11 aT 21
a21 A22

=

1 0
l21 L22


δ1 0
0 D22


1 0
l21 L22

T
=

δ11 0
δ11l21 L22D22


1 lT
21
0 LT
22

=

δ11 ?
δ11l21 δ11l21l21 T +L22D22L22 T

This suggests the following algorithm for overwriting the strictly lower triangular part of A with the strictly
lower triangular part of L and the diagonal of A with D:
• Partition A →   α a21 11 A aT 21 22  .
• α11 := δ11 = α11 (no-op).
• Compute l21 := a21/α11.
• Update A22 := A22 −l21aT 21 (updating only the lower triangular part).
• a21 := l21.
• Continue with computing A22 → L22D22L22 T .
This algorithm will complete as long as in all iterations δ11 6= 0. This condition is met if and only A
is nonsingular. Recall that A is nonsingular if and only if A does not having zero as an eigenvalue. A
nonsingular symmetric matrix is also called a symmetric indefinite
Exercise 4.1 Modify the algorithm in Figure 1 so that it computes the LDLT factorization. (Fill in Figure 3.)
Answer
See Figure 4.
End of Answer
5
Algorithm: A := LDLT(A)
Partition A →   A ATL BL A? BR  
whereATL is 0×0
while m(ATL) < m(A) do
Repartition

ATL ?
ABL ABR

→

A00 ? ?
aT
10 α11 ?
A20 a21 A22

whereα11 is 1×1
Continue with

ATL ?
ABL ABR

←

A00 ? ?
aT
10 α11 ?
A20 a21 A22

endwhile
Figure 3: Skeleton for algorithm for computing A → LDLT, overwriting indefinite matrix A.
6
Algorithm: A := LDLT(A)
Partition A →   A ATL BL A? BR  
whereATL is 0×0
while m(ATL) < m(A) do
Repartition

ATL ?
ABL ABR

→

A00 ? ?
aT
10 α11 ?
A20 a21 A22

whereα11 is 1×1
Option 1: Option 2: Option 3:
l21 := a21/α11 a21 := a21/α11
A22 := A22 −l21aT 21 A22 := A22 −α11a21aT 21 A22 := A22 − α1 11 a21aT 21
(updating lower triangle) (updating lower triangle) (updating lower triangle)
a21 := l21 a21 := a21/α11
Continue with

ATL ?
ABL ABR

←

A00 ? ?
aT
10 α11 ?
A20 a21 A22

endwhile
Figure 4: Three correct answers.
7
What if our matrix A is symmetric and tridiagonal, so that it has the form
A =

× ×
× × ×
× × ×
× × ×
× × ×
× × ×
× ×

.
As illustrated in Figure 5, at atypical point in the iteration, the matrix A is partitioned as
A =

× ×
× × ×
× × αMF
αMF αMM αLM
αLM × ×
× × ×
× ×

=

AFF αMFeL 0
αMFeT L αMM αLMeT F
0 αLMeF ALL

,
where eF and eL are standard basis vectors with a ”1” in the first and last element, respectively:
αMFeT L = αMF 0 ··· 0 1 = 0 ··· 0 αMF and αLMeF = αLM

1 0… 0

=

αLM
0… 0

.
This then is repartitioned to expose all the different parts that are needed for computation in the current
iteration:

AFF ? ?
αMFeT L αMM ?
0 αLMeF ALL

→

A00 α10eL 0
α10eT L α11 α21 ?
0 α21 α22 α32eT F
0 0 α32eF A33

8
=

× ×
× × ×
× × α10
α10 α11 α21
α21 α22 α32
α32 × ×
× ×

Exercise 4.2 Modify the algorithm in Figure 2 so that it computes the LDLT factorization of a tridiagonal
matrix. (Fill in Figure 5.) What is the approximate cost, in floating point operations, of computing the
LDLT factorization of a tridiagonal matrix? Count a divide, multiply, and add/subtract as a floating point
operation each. Show how you came up with the algorithm, similar to how we derived the algorithm for
the tridiagonal Cholesky factorization.
Answer
See Figure 6.
The key insight is to recognize that, relative to the algorithm in Figure 4, a21 =

α21
0

so that, for
example, a21 := a21/α11 becomes

α21
0

:=

α21
0

/α11 =

α21/α11
0

.
Then, an update like A22 := A22 −α11a21aT 21 becomes

α22 ?
α32eF A33

:=

α22 ?
α32eF A33

−α11

α21
0


α21
0

T
=

α22 −α11α2 21 ?
α32eF A33

.
The cost is one divide, two multiplies, and one subtract per iteration, for a total of, approximately n divides,
2n multiplies, and n subtracts, if A is n× n.
End of Answer
5 The UDUT Factorization
The fact that the LU, Cholesky, and LDLT factorizations start in the top-left corner of the matrix and work
towards the bottom-right is an accident (might we say twist) of history. Gaussian elimination works in that
direction, hence so does LU factorization, and the rest kind of follow.
9
Algorithm: A := LDLT TRI(A)
Partition A →

AFF ? ?
αMFeT L αMM ?
0 αLMeF ALL

whereALL is 0×0
while m(AFF) < m(A) do
Repartition

AFF ? ?
αMFeT L αMM ?
0 αLMeF ALL

→

A00 ? ?
α10eT L α11 ? ?
0 α21 α22 ?
0 0 α32eF A33

whereα22 is a scalars
Continue with

AFF ? ?
αMFeT L αMM ?
0 αLMeF ALL

←

A00 ? ?
α10eT L α11 ? ?
0 α21 α22 ?
0 0 α32eF A33

endwhile
Figure 5: Skeleton for algorithm to compute LDLT factorization of a tridiagonal matrix.
10
Algorithm: A := LDLT TRI(A)
Partition A →

AFF ? ?
αMFeT L αMM ?
0 αLMeF ALL

whereALL is 0×0
while m(AFF) < m(A) do
Repartition

AFF ? ?
αMFeT L αMM ?
0 αLMeF ALL

→

A00 ? ?
α10eT L α11 ? ?
0 α21 α22 ?
0 0 α32eF A33

whereα22 is a scalar
Option 1: Option 2: Option 3:
λ21 := α21/α11 α21 := α21/α11
α22 := α22 −λ21α21 α22 := α22 −α11α2 21 α22 := α22 − α1 11 α2 21
(updating lower triangle) (updating lower triangle) (updating lower triangle)
α21 := λ21 α21 := α21/α11
Continue with

AFF ? ?
αMFeT L αMM ?
0 αLMeF ALL

←

A00 ? ?
α10eT L α11 ? ?
0 α21 α22 ?
0 0 α32eF A33

endwhile
Figure 6: Three correct solutions.
11
Algorithm: A := UDUT(A)
Partition A →   A? TL A ATR BR  
whereABR is 0×0
while m(ABR) < m(A) do
Repartition

ATL ATR
? ABR

→

A00 a01 A02
? α11 aT 12
? ? A22

whereα11 is 1×1
Continue with

ATL ATR
? ABR

←

A00 a01 A02
? α11 aT 12
? ? A22

endwhile
Figure 7: Algorithm for computing A = UDUT. Updates to A00 affect only the upper triangular part.
12
Algorithm: A := UDUT(A)
Partition A →   A? TL A ATR BR  
whereABR is 0×0
while m(ABR) < m(A) do
Repartition

ATL ATR
? ABR

→

A00 a01 A02
? α11 aT 12
? ? A22

whereα11 is 1×1
Option 1: Option 2: Option 3:
u01 := a01/α11 a01 := a01/α11
A00 := A00 −u01aT 01 A00 := A00 −α11a01aT 01 A00 := A00 − α1 11 a01aT 01
(updating upper triangle) (updating upper triangle) (updating upper triangle)
a01 := u01 a01 := a01/α11
Continue with

ATL ATR
? ABR

←

A00 a01 A02
? α11 aT 12
? ? A22

endwhile
Figure 8: Algorithm for computing the the UDUT factorization of a symmetric matrix.
One can imagine, given a SPD matrix A, instead computing A = UUT, where U is upper triangular.
Such a computation starts in the lower-right corner of the matrix and works towards the top-left. Similarly,
an algorithm can be created for computing A = UDUT where U is unit upper triangular and D is diagonal.
Exercise 5.1 Derive an algorithm that, given a symmetric indefinite matrix A, computes A = UDUT.
Overwrite only the upper triangular part of A. (Fill in Figure 7.) Show how you came up with the
algorithm, similar to how we derived the algorithm for LDLT.
Answer
Three possible algorithms are given in Figure 8.
Partition
A →   A aT 01 00 α a01 11  U →   U0 00 u1 01  , and D →   D0 00 δ 0 1  
13
Then

A00 a01
aT
01 α11

=

U00 u01
0 1


D00 0
0 δ1


U00 u01
0 1

T
=

U00D00 u01δ1
0 δ1


UT
00 0
uT
01 1

=

U00D00U00 T +δ1u01uT 01 u01δ1
? δ1

This suggests the following algorithm for overwriting the strictly upper triangular part of A with the strictly
upper triangular part of U and the diagonal of A with D:
• Partition A →   A aT 01 00 α a01 11  .
• α11 := δ11 = α11 (no-op).
• Compute u01 := a01/α11.
• Update A00 := A00 −u01aT 01 (updating only the upper triangular part).
• a01 := u01.
• Continue with computing A00 → U00D00U00 T .
This algorithm will complete as long as δ11 6= 0,
End of Answer
Exercise 5.2 Derive an algorithm that, given a symmetric indefinite tridiagonal matrix A, computes A =
UDUT. Overwrite only the upper triangular part of A. (Fill in Figure 9.) Show how you came up with the
algorithm, similar to how we derived the algorithm for LDLT.
6 The Twisted Factorization
Let us assume that B is a tridiagonal matrix and that we are given one of its eigenvalues (or rather, a very
good approximation), λ, and let us assume that this eigenvalue has multiplicity one. Indeed, we are going
to assume that it is well-separated meaning there is no other eigenvalue close to it.
Here is a way to compute an associated eigenvector: Find a nonzero vector in the null space of A =
B−λI. Let us think back how one was taught how to do this:
• Reduce A to row echelon form. This will likely require pivoting.
• Find a column that has no pivot in it. This identifies an independent (free) variable.
• Set the element in vector x corresponding to the independent variable to one.
14
Algorithm: A := UDUT TRI(A)
Partition A →

AFF αFMeT L 0
? αMM αMLeT F
? ? ALL

whereAFF is 0×0
while m(ALL) < m(A) do
Repartition

AFF αFMeL 0
? αMM αMLeT F
? ? ALL

→

A00 α01eL 0 0
? α11 α12 0
? ? α22 α23eT F
? ? ? A33

where
Continue with

AFF αFMeL 0
? αMM αMLeT F
? ? ALL

←

A00 α01eL 0 0
? α11 α12 0
? ? α22 α23eT F
? ? ? A33

endwhile
Figure 9: Algorithm for computing the the UDUT factorization of a tridiagonal matrix.
15
• Solve for the dependent variables.
There are a number of problems with this approach:
• It does not take advantage of symmetry.
• λ is not an exact eigenvalue when it is computed by a computer and hence A is not exactly singular.
So, no independent variables will even be found.
These are only some of the problems. To overcome this, we are going to computes something called a
twisted factorization. (How this exactly overcomes the problem goes beyond this note.)
Let
A =

A00 α10eL 0
α10eT L α11 α21eT F
0 α21eF A22

,L =

L00 0 0
λ10eT L 1 0
0 λ21eF L22

,U =

U00 υ01eL 0
0 1 υ12eT F
0 0 U22

,
D =

D00 0 0
0 δ1 0
0 0 D22

, and E =

E00 0 0
0 ε1 0
0 0 E22

,
where all the partitioning is “conformal”.
Exercise 6.1 Provided φ1 is chosen appropriately,

A00 α01eL 0
α01eT L α11 α21eT F
0 α21eF A22

=

L00 0 0
λ10eT L 1 υ12eT F
0 0 U22


D00 0 0
0 φ1 0
0 0 E22


L00 0 0
λ10eT L 1 υ12eT F
0 0 U22

T
.
• Show that φ1 = δ1 + ε1 − α11. (Hint: multiply out A = LDLT and A = UEUT with the partitioned
matrices first. Then multiply out the above. Compare and match…)
• What is the cost of computing one twisted factorization given that you have already computed
the LDLT and UDUT factorizations? A ”Big O” estimate is sufficient. (Do not count the cost of
copying data. Only count floating point computations).
• What is the cost of computing all twisted factorizations given that you have already computed
the LDLT and UDUT factorizations? A ”Big O” estimate is sufficient. (Do not count the cost of
copying data. Only count floating point computations).
16
7 Computing an Eigenvector from the Twisted Factorization
What we do now for computing the desired approximate eigenvector (the vector in the null space of B−λI)
is to find the φ1 that is smallest in value of all possible such values. In other words, you can partition A,
L, U, D, and E in many ways, singling out any of the diagonal values of these matrices. The partitioning
chosen is the one that makes φ1 the smallest of all possibilities. It is then set to zero so that

L00 0 0
λ10eT L 1 υ12eT F
0 0 U22


D00 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 E22


L00 0 0
λ10eT L 1 υ12eT F
0 0 U22

T
≈

A00 α01eL 0
α01eT L α11 α21eT F
0 α21eF A22

.
Because the eigenvalue λ in our previous discussion was assumed to have multiplicity one and wellseparated, the resulting twisted factorization has “nice” properties. We won’t get into what that exactly
means.
Exercise 7.1 Compute x0, χ1, and x2 so that

L00 0 0
λ10eT L 1 υ12eT F
0 0 U22


D00 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 E22


L00 0 0
λ10eT L 1 υ12eT F
0 0 U22

T    

x0
χ1
x2

| {z }
Hint: Choose x0, χ1, and x2
so that this equals

0 1 0

=

0 0 0

,
where x =

x0
χ1
x2

is not a zero vector. What is the cost of this computation, given that L00 and U22 have
special (bidiagonal) structure? (A ”Big O” answer suffices.)
The vector x that is so computed is the desired approximate eigenvector of B.
References
[1] Inderjit S. Dhillon, Beresford N. Parlett, and Christof Vomel. The design and implementation of the ¨
MRRR algorithm. ACM Trans. Math. Soft., 32(4):533–560, December 2006.
[2] Field G. Van Zee, Robert A. van de Geijn, and Gregorio Quintana-Ort´ı. Restructuring the tridiagonal
and bidiagonal QR algorithms for performance. ACM Trans. Math. Soft., 40(3):18:1–18:34, April
2014.
Download from http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/flame/web/FLAMEPublications.html.
17

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According to Lutgens and Tarbuck, several weather maps/charts are important for weather analysis and subsequent forecasting.  What are the chief attributes of associated with the 200/300 mb chart, 700 mb chart and 850 mb chart for weather forecasting?

Satellites are also important.  Distinguish between the GOES and POES satellites.  What are the advantages of visible light imagery and thermal IR imagery?

Go to the image GOES16_CONUS_East_sandwich.png. Match the sites with the following situations. One site has two situations

 
Site 1                          (a) Nimbostratus clouds
Site 2                          (b) Towering Cumulonimbus Clouds
Site 3                          (c) Some cumulonimbus clouds
(d) Hurricane Iota
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Using the Skew-T diagram p. 327 (ed. 14) or the electronic image png. Calculate Lift Index Value. Lift Index Value (LIV) = Ambient Temp @ 500mb – Temp @ 500mb of an adiabatically (forcibly) lifted parcel of air. What does this value mean?  See MS Word document LIV_K_values_PoP

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
K index = A – B
 
[([email protected] – Temp @ 500mb) + Tdew @ 850mb] = A
(Temp @ 700mb – Tdew @ 700mb) = B
 

Calculate the K-Index Value from p. 327 (ed.14). or the electronic image png. What does is suggest relative to the probability of a thunderstorm occurring assuming that either frontal lifting and/or convectional lifting is strong enough to force air to rise and attain the LCL? Use the MS Word doc: LIV_K_Values_PoP

Recalculate the K value with a dewpoint 7°C higher (22°C/72°F) & issue a revised forecast with the new K value. (show work)

You are flying a Boeing 737 from Chicago (ORD) to Seattle (SEA) and cruising at roughly 35,000 feet. Using the NOAA 250 mb Chart describe the headwind or tail wind you will encounter.  Use NOAA’s wind_speed_chart to assist with velocity.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Examine the NOAA Weather Maps from 11/2/20 thru 11/8/2020.  Files DWM4520 & DWM 4620
 
Data for Minneapolis-St Paul (MSP)
 
hi         lo         hi         lo   (2020)
11/2                 49        33                                use 11/3 Hi/Lo Map for 11/2 data
11/3                 49        33                                use 11/4 Hi/Lo Map for 11/3 data
11/4                 48        32                                use 11/5 Hi/Lo Map for 11/4 data
11/5                 48        32                                use 11/6 Hi/Lo Map for 11/5 data
11/6                 47        31                                use 11/7 Hi/Lo Map for 11/6 data
11/7                 46        31                                use 11/8 Hi/Lo Map for 11/7 data
 
https://files.dnr.state.mn.us/natural_resources/climate/twin_cities/ccnovember1981_2010.ht
 
 
13a.  Using the NOAA High-Low Temperature Maps, fill-in the data for MSP 2020.
13b.  How did 2020 differ relative to the 1981-2010 norms?
 
 
13c.  Describe how the 500 mb flow influenced the temperatures and the trend of temperature from 11/2 thru 11/7?
 
 
 
 
 
 
13d. Issue a temperature forecast (daily high and Low) for MSP for Sunday 11/8/20.  Justify your forecast.  Was your forecast a type of persistence forecasting?  If yes, what exactly is persistence forecasting?
 
 
13e.  Look at the Hi/Lo Map 11/9/20.  How accurate was your temperature forecast?
 
 
 
 
 

Look at the Surface Weather Map from 11/14/20 and the associated 500 mb Chart (DWM4620). Examine all the dew points and wind directions in the US Southeast, including Florida.  Where on this map would you draw dryline and why?

On the Precipitation Map dated 11/6, where did it precipitate and how much?  Based on the Hi/Lo Map on 11/6 was this ppt mostly rain or snow? Defend.  Now look at the Surface Weather Map 11/5/20.  What type of uplift forces caused the precipitation?

Look at the Surface Weather Maps from 11/7 through 11/8/20.  Focus on the US Southwest (CA/NV/UT/CO/AZ and NM).  What major event occurred?  How far did this storm travel in 24 hours?  Look at the PPT Map on 11/8. Did this cold front result in significant precipitation?

Examine the Surface Weather Map from 11/8/20. Find Roswell, NM and Amarillo, TX.  What are the temps and dewpoints on 11/8/20?  What were the hi-lo temps on the 11/8 map?  Go to the Surface Weather Map dated 11/10/20.  What happened to these temps and dewpoints?  Now look at the Hi-Lo Map for 11/11/20 what happened to the temperatures?  Why did these temperature changes happen?

 
11/8
Roswell, NM                Temp:              Dewpoint:                    Hi/Lo:
Amarillo, TX                Temp:              Dewpoint:                    Hi/Lo:
 
11/10
Roswell, NM                Temp:              Dewpoint:
Amarillo, TX                Temp:             Dewpoint:
 
Temperatures and dewpoints are lower on 11/10 than they were on 11/8.
 
11/11
Roswell, NM                Hi/Lo:
Amarillo, TX                Hi/Lo:
 
 
 
 
 

Surface Weather Map 11/8/20. Again, look at Roswell, NM and Amarillo, TX.  What is the wind direction and velocity at each location? What are the air pressure readings?  Now, go to the Surface Weather Map dated 11/10/20.  What happened to wind direction and velocity?  What happened to air pressure?  Why did these changes occur?

 
11/8
Roswell            Direction:                    Velocity:          Pressure:
Amarillo          Direction:                    Velocity:          Pressure:
 
11/10
Roswell            Direction:                    Velocity:          Pressure:
Amarillo          Direction:                    Velocity:          Pressure:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weather Analysis: Part II (15 points)
Hurricanes
 

Go to the file jpg  Notice on the Surface Weather Map and the 500 mb Chart that Hurricane Irma is about to curve north from the Cuban coast and make landfall in the FL Keys.  Notice the spiral bands have dumped heavy rain on Miami and South Fl in general.  Compare and contrast Irma (category 5 hurricane) to a typical middle latitude cyclone.

What factors are needed to generate a hurricane? Even though they are tropical cyclones they are not found everywhere in the tropics.  Why?

Describe the basic structure of a hurricane featuring the eye, collar clouds and spiral bands. Use the Haiyan handout as a guide. Include a diagram.

What are modes of inflicting damage based on a large category 4 or 5 hurricane?

Super Typhoon Haiyan struck the Philippines on 11/7/2013. See jpg. Why was this typhoon so strong? Recall the sea surface temperatures and upper level winds discussed in the video.

What made the storm surge so devastating? See map of jpg

 
 
 
 
 
Part III: Tornadoes/Thunderstorms (25 points)
 

280 (ed.14) and examine the map depicting the four cities:

(a) Spokane WA (b) Indianapolis IN (c) Amarillo TX and (d) Augusta, ME.
 
1a. Which city is most likely to have tornadoes associated with a dry Line? Which city will likely have a tornado associated with frontal/convectional lifting?  Explain fully.
 
 
 
 
1b.  Which two cities are not likely to have tornadoes? Explain fully.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Deaths from tornadoes have dropped significantly since 1930 even though the number of reported tornadoes has risen steadily since 1950. Similarly, deaths associated with lightning have fallen drastically since 1945 even though the incidence of thunderstorms has not declined.  See file tornado_worksheet.  Explain these situations.

What conditions are examined to classify a thunderstorm as “severe” by the National Weather Service. How many of these conditions are needed for the NWS to classify a thunderstorm as “severe?”

Super Cells typically generate severe weather and often form meso–scale convective complexes.  ow are these formedHHow is a Super Cell formed? Note the importance of a weak low-level inversion.  Discuss fully and Include a diagram.

Define a meso-scale convective complex?

If robust warm and humid surface southerly winds encounter strong westerlies aloft within a Super Cell, then what type of watch would you issue for an area downwind of this Super Cell?

Define and explain entrainment.

In the NOVA video addressing the tornado season of 2011, Howard Bluestein of the University of Oklahoma constructed a portable Doppler unit. Amongst his findings were the role of raindrops (especially their size) in forcing the vortex downwards.  How would this work in the context of accentuating entrainment?

In the NOVA video on tornadoes, meteorologist Greg Carbine of the National Weather Service’s Storm Prediction Center, mentioned that the April 2011 tornado outbreak that struck MS and AL was remarkably similar to a pattern he recalled from November 11, 2002.  He then used the November 2002 surface weather maps and upper air charts to help assess the potential severity of the impending April 2011 situation.  This is an example of (a) simulative. (b) analog forecasting.

No Explanation.
 

Examine the NOAA data on Indiana tornadoes from 1950-2015. Indiana has the most tornadoes of any Midwest state outside the Great Plains. Most tornadoes are (a) low intensity or (b) high intensity.  Most Killer tornadoes are (a) EF4/5 or (b) EF2/3.

No Explanation. See IN_tronadoes.jpg
 

Why is the peak season spring for tornadoes in Indiana? See jpg

Issue a weather bulletin for the ppt on the NEXRAD_SEA_11_18_20 Dopplar Radar Image scanned at .5° at 18:42 UTC (10:42 PST)

View The GOES17_water_vapor images.

20203231836 (band 8 upper troposphere water vapor). Year-day of year-UTC time
20203231831(band 9 middle troposphere water vapor)
20203231836 (band 10 lower troposphere water vapor).
 
Look at the Seattle area. Do these images support the ppt in the Dopplar Scan?
 
 
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0
1.4 × 10–26 N · m
2.8 × 10–26 N · m
0.7 × 10–26 N · m

 
 
Ans for problem 1:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Problem 2:
 
 
Ans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Strengths
Weaknesses

      A strong focus on innovation
Strong demand for green or healthy food options. A given survey established that 39% of Americans prefer healthy food (WARC, 2020). Therefore, the market is ready
Will hire quality and experienced employees
      Lack of experience can affect the level of competitiveness
Strong competition from established business
Weak brand position

 
In a different aspect, I strongly believe that Chicago Green Foods will succeed because it is targeting a growing market. The increasing demand will make it possible to develop a critical mass. Secondly, the focus on innovation will empower the entity to compete competitively with established brands. Thirdly, the pursuit of excellence in service delivery will allow the company to satisfy consumers thereby retaining them. The business model involves the sale of food products. The business will procure agricultural products from farmers and process them. The business will conduct market research to determine consumer expectations and use the generated insights to craft healthier and unique recipes that fit consumer needs. Some of the products to be marketed include green tea, green magma, fresh beef, Carrot Essence, Chlorella Tabs among others. This is a good business idea as the demand for these products is increasing (WARC, 2020). It is quite advantageous to own this business because of the freedom it offers and provides an opportunity to change humanity. However, this business is stressful, attracts strong competition and staff retention is a notable issue. Competition and regulations are uncontrollable issues while acts of terrorism are one of the unforeseen problems in this business. I want to start this business because I have a strong entrepreneurial intention and secondly, I want to promote sustainability.
 
Research
Those aged over 18 years are the target market. This target group value and appreciate healthy food options and secondly, they have the purchasing power. This group wants healthy food options as a proactive measure to prevent diseases. Secondly, this group is also driven by the need to preserve the environment, thus they will strongly identify with Chicago Green Foods. The company will commission a segmentation, targeting and positioning analysis to map the interests, behaviors, tastes and preferences of this target group (Schlegelmilch, 2016). Thereafter, marketing initiatives such as advertising and public relations will be deployed to create awareness about the business. Messages will be propagated through the main media and social media. The products will satisfy their wants as they are fresh, sustainably harvested, have less sugar and processed fats.
Location
Chicago Green Foods will be located near Willis Tower where I will be renting. Although the hotel is located near a major highway, the intersections are easy to navigate while there are no obstructions, meaning that the entity is observable from a distance. The area is also busy as it has walk-by and drive-by traffic but there is a speed limit of 20 Km/hr. The entity will be located less than 100 meters from the main road, a factor that eases accessibility. The hotel will also offer angle parking which is beneficial to our patrons as it reduces the possibility of conflict. The parking location is behind the hotel and we also have underground parking for patrons who wish to stay for longer. To ease accessibility, the entry point will be located towards the main road but the exit will be located at the rear end.
The hotel’s physical evidence will be visually appealing.
The physical evidence is part of the 7P’s of marketing and refers to the physical elements that consumers interact with. Colour green will be the overriding color as it communicates our commitment to sustainability. To improve the visual appeal, some parts will be painted with white and purple colors whose aim is to make the hotel more conspicuous. To further improve the visual performance, the grounds will be carefully manicured and signs will be placed to ease navigation. To give our patrons an excellent view of the city, the floor to ceiling windows will be used. Additionally, to minimize potential collision, doors that open full length will be preferred.
The hotel is located some distance from the metropolitan region which hosts a high number of hotels. Therefore, the level of competition is relatively low. This location was chosen to maximize the potential offered by other establishments within the area. That is, the hotel will target people who patron the United Centre, CIBC Theatre and Chicago Symphony Orchestra. However, the hotel will experience competition from the Nobu Hotel Chicago, The Guesthouse Hotel, Hotel EMC2, Sophy Hyde Park, and The Robey which offer some healthy options on their menu. However, Hotel EMC2, Sophy Hyde Park, and The Robey present the biggest competition because they compete on cost leadership. However, these competitors do not offer many green options, thus Chicago Green Foods has an edge over in relation to the product portfolio.
To enhance its visibility, Chicago Green Foods will utilize several marketing strategies. In particular, social media marketing will be adopted because as of 2018; 244 million Americans were on social media (Statista, 2019). This information means that any message propagated through social media will likely receive strong viewership. Additionally, social media is easy to use and similarly cost-effective, benefits that will save Chicago Green Foods considerable funds. Additionally, the local radio stations will be utilized as radios still have a large audience because 272 million Americans listen to the radio every week (Silva, 2019). Once the hotel becomes operational, referral marketing will be deployed.
 
 
Legalities and Insurance
Chicago Green Foods is a service business that will take the form of a partnership. The partnership is preferred as it is relatively easy to start, costs and other burdens are shared, and each will bring a specialized skill. In a different aspect, the hotel will require a food production license, liquor license, broadcast license, occupancy and alarm permits.  The business will require three types of insurance policies; disability insurance, medical insurance and business insurance.
Financing
The business will be financed from personal contributions and a loan of $200,000 from Accion. This loan has a low-interest rate and attracts no penalties for payment (Chicago GOV, 2020). As an SME, Chicago Green Foods will utilize cost-plus pricing where a small mark-up will be added to the overall cost of production. The mark-up will be the revenue. Using the formula, operating breakeven revenues = operating fixed costs / (1 – gross margin), the breakeven point is expected to materialize within 8 months. The partners will receive a salary which will be limited to 50% of the profits generated.   A brief financial analysis is as shown below.

Cost of goods
$70,000

Advertisement expenses
$2,000

Commissions expense
$5,000

Administrative expenses
$6,000

Cost of labor
$30,000

 
 
 
Pricing
Market research will be conducted to assess industry pricing strategies. The cost-plus pricing strategy and the demand pricing strategy might be applicable based on the market’s response to the products.
Staffing
The hotel will begin with 10 employees whose core duties and responsibilities include welcoming patrons, taking orders, food preparation and cleaning. The number of workers will be limited to 8.8 hours a day which is in line with the Fair Labor Standards Act (Andrias, 2018). Each employee will be paid a maximum of $7.25/hr. which is the federal minimum wage. Some of the general rules for the employees include upholding honesty; pursue excellence, time management, and no time wastage.
Services, Inventory, Credit
Chicago Green Foods will offer food services and liquor services. Furthermore, the ABC analysis will be used as the inventory management method as it will ensure the hotel has the right amount of stock while also helping to keep inventory costs down (Khan, Dong, & Yu, 2017). The services will be served in our outlets but delivery services will also be provided. The hotel will partner with delivery companies such as Uber to provide the last mile delivery option. To stimulate demand, the hotel will offer discounts of up to 20% on certain products.
 
 
References
Andrias, K. (2018). An American Approach to Social Democracy: The Forgotten Promise of the Fair Labor Standards Act. Yale LJ, 128, 616.
Chicago GOV. (2020). Loans Under $50K. Retrieved 3 November 2020, from https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/bacp/sbc/loans_under_50k.html
Khan, S. A. R., Dong, Q. L., & Yu, Z. (2017). Role of ABC Analysis in the process of efficient order fulfillment: Case study. In Advanced Engineering Forum (Vol. 23, pp. 114-121). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
Schlegelmilch, B. B. (2016). Segmenting targeting and positioning in global markets. In Global marketing strategy (pp. 63-82). Springer, Cham.
Silva, M. (2019). Is Traditional Radio About to Crash? Audience Levels In America Have Been Flat for Three Years Straight. Retrieved 3 November 2020, from https://www.digitalmusicnews.com/2019/07/15/traditional-radio-america-flat/#:~:text=AccordingtotheNielsen’s2019,2.5percentfrom2016’sfigures.
Social media usage in U.S. | Statista. (2019). Retrieved 3 November 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/273476/percentage-of-us-population-with-a-social-network-profile/#:~:text=IntheUnitedStatesan,exceed257millionby2023.
WARC. (2020). More US consumers demand food & drink sustainability | WARC. Retrieved 3 November 2020, from https://www.warc.com/newsandopinion/news/more-us-consumers-demand-food–drink-sustainability/43153
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