Global Brand Management 2 Student’s ID Module Name and Code Assignment Name
Global Brand Management 2
Student’s ID
Module Name and Code
Assignment Name and Number
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CONTENTS
Title page……………………………………………………………………..1
Contents………………………………………………………………………2
Executive summary …………………………………………………………………….3.
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………..4
Branding strategies………………………………………………………………………4
Communication strategies…………………………………………………..5
SMART objectives……………………………………………………………7
The Communication Mix…………………………………………………………..8
Brand Extension…………………………………………………………………………..9
Impact of Brand extension..………………………………………………….10
Benefits of brand extension…………………………………………………11
Risks of brand expansion…………………………………………………..11
Models of Competitive Positioning…………………………………………13
Positioning map………………………………………………………………14
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………….. 14
References ………………………………………………………………………………..15
Executive summary
Marketing and communication strategies for the Irish market, as well as a study of SMART objectives, are required by ZULUS. For the given aims, as well as how to create awareness and establish a strong and positive brand image within an appropriate time, the communication mix will be applied. For Zulus, growing its brand is one of the new strategic areas being explored in the boardroom. According to the current suggestion, Zulus might operate in Ireland as a fully legal online restaurant that also sells alcohol because of the significance of drinking in Irish culture. As no other restaurant in Ireland provides similar services, this is likely to enhance sales and give the firm a competitive edge. First, this article discusses the likely influence of such a move on the company’s brand image before analyzing the advantages and hazards involved with the brand extension.
Introduction
Peri-peri chicken is only one of the many options available at ZULUS. By slowing down our economic activity and interfering greatly with our everyday life, the COVID-19 outbreak impeded our potential to advance. In the beginning, it was intended that the company would concentrate on establishing a solid foothold in the United Kingdom before seeking to grow into other countries. It is no longer necessary to worry about Covid’s disastrous consequences, and the corporation is poised to resume its pre-Covid strategic aspirations. . Since ZULUS had created an online presence and delivery system before the outbreak of COVID-19, the company profited greatly from adjustments in human purchasing patterns and behaviours that were triggered by the pandemic. While we had some difficulties, they were minor compared to the difficulties experienced by many other firms in the field.
Branding and communication strategies
Branding Strategies
Customers will recognize and prefer your brand over those of your competitors if you have a long-term plan in place when developing a branding strategy for your business.
Company Name Branding
The name recognition of well-known companies is used to increase brand awareness. There is a strong relationship between the company’s logos and its packaging, slogans, and colours. ZULUS company to be a well-known brand will depend on its objective of making well-known brand names to draw in their target customers.
Individual Branding
If ZULUS wishes to sell a large number of well-known products, it may decide to give each product its brand name to distinguish it from the others. The parent firm, in this case, is Apple, yet each of its brands, such as the Macintosh, the iPhone, and the iPad, has its unique branding strategy (riversagency.com, 2018). This may help in the marketing of the products for the ZULUS.
Attitude Branding
When marketing its goods and reflecting on its business, ZULUS may depend on an overall vibe or attitude to help it stand out from the competition to create an emotional connection between the business and its customers, this method of branding focuses on selling a larger feeling. To promote a healthy lifestyle in keeping with the Nike motto, sporting goods firms like Nike use attitude branding. If this is also used for product marketing, it may help the company’s products be more effectively marketed (riversagency.com, 2018).
Brand Extension Branding
An existing successful brand can expand its influence into a new business endeavour by developing a brand extension plan. A large number of apparel companies use brand extension tactics to introduce additional lines of new products and accessories to their customers. Regardless of whether or not the products change, the brand’s image remains stable. Therefore, ZULUS may opt to use this strategy to better its operations (riversagency.com, 2018).
Private-Label Branding
The employment of private-label branding tactics by successful store brands to compete with larger merchants is possible for ZULUS. Kroger, for example, offers several cost-effective brand selections that are available through their store networks. This strategy is of more significance since customers are unable to compare the prices of private-label products because of their exclusive nature.
Communication strategies.
When it comes to marketing, a corporation or individual’s communication strategy is the means they utilize to reach their target audience. Your message (what to say), your channel (where to speak), and your target audience will all be included in this section (to whom your message is approaching). If you want your marketing communication strategy to be a success, you’ll need all three components to work together harmoniously (Avada, 2021).
First and foremost, you must have a good visual strategy.
In the visual communication approach, web pages and pictorial representations may be used by ZULUS to communicate with others and convey information. When it comes to disseminating written information or giving presentations, this strategy is frequently used in the workplace(Bhasin, 2021). There are several different forms of visual content ZULUS can take advantage of within its campaigns:
Graphics and images
Images and graphics with your company’s branding can be used in a variety of marketing contexts. Custom graphics, influencer photos, or even user-generated images can be used in this way.
Videos
In terms of visual marketing, videos are one of the most effective for eCommerce firms because of their ability to catch attention and express emotion. As a result of their user-generated contest film, the brand’s marketing team has access to a wealth of visual content that can be used and repurposed for years to come.
Infographics.
For ZULUS companies, infographics can still drive outcomes despite their prevalence in B2B material. If the industry wants to be successful with this form of visual marketing, it will need a thorough grasp of its audience.
Verbal strategy
This kind of communication may make use of both written and spoken means of expression. The textual method may be communicated by a variety of means, including email, fax, and chat. Phone conversations and face-to-face meetings are examples of oral communication (Bhasin, 2021)
Intrapersonal Communication
A person’s ideas can be expressed verbally to another person, or they can remain in their head. Emotional intelligence is built on the foundation of effective intrapersonal communication. They will help the ZULUS to better comprehend its feelings and those of people around them. They will aid it in navigating relationships, coping with stress, and making decisions that are in line with its objectives.
Interpersonal Communication
Signs and symbols are used to study interpersonal communication in marketing. In this article, a categorization scheme and associated material are provided and discussed. There are some suggestions for further study in this area. Marketing communications are heavily influenced by face-to-face engagement. (Asn-Design-Tbs, 2015)
Small-Group Communication
Smaller groups in the ZULUS workplace provide distinct advantages for the company. Instead of having each employee work alone on a project, the company teams them up. If communication between the members of the small group is poor, it can harm all of the company’s operations.
Public Communication
With public relations, you communicate with your target audience to improve brand recognition, enhance your company’s reputation and foster customer connections. Public relations, as opposed to marketing, aims to affect people’s perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours (Queensland, 2017).
Nonverbal Communication
It’s equally as vital to be a good listener and to read nonverbal clues when you’re trying to sell to them. Understanding what your clients are looking for will allow you to provide them with the best products and services (Queensland, 2021).
SMART Objectives for the business (Indeed 2021).
S – Specific. Being explicit about the objectives. Making the campaign’s goals clear and measurable. ZULUS aspires to broaden and deepen its business to better serve its clients.
M – Measurable. The ZULUS will be able to identify if they have met a certain objective or not. Depending on the company’s target market and its profit and success goals, this would be defined.
A – Attainable. Using reliable data, the ZULUS will determine whether or not its goals are attainable. ZULUS stakeholders will have to accept their goals, increasing the likelihood that they will be achieved.
R – Realistic. There must be fair expectations for a business of this size and scope. To do so, it will be necessary to take into account both the company’s activities before Covid-19 and its current state.
T – Time-bound. There must be a time limit tied to the goals of the project. It is imperative that ZULUS develop a specified timetable for its actions, and that this timetable is followed.
The Communication Mix
Everything a business uses to connect with its present or potential consumers has included in its communication mix A few examples are direct marketing, product packaging, social media and advertising (Martin et al., 2005).
Advertising.
Customers learn about products and services via paid-for television and radio. With public relations, a company may reach a large number of potential customers efficiently. Companies having big funds or a huge number of competitors are more prone to deploy advertising. The advertising message must stand out from the crowd. To achieve ZULUS marketing goals, advertising messages that are unique and fascinating engage better with the target audience.
Sales and promotion.
Many short-term incentives are used to persuade customers to purchase items and services. Additionally, there are rebates and discounts as well as paybacks and coupon offers. It is possible to plan sales promotions in several ways, with many different ideas and approaches. Trade discounts for consumer goods are not as important as free services and value-added features (free installation). Sales marketing also includes creating an incentive for the customer to purchase the product. There may also be incentives offered to dealers and distributors that assist in moving the items. ZULUS firms’ costs and capital needs will be reduced as a result of sales promotion efforts to shift items. In light of the rising popularity of online shopping and E-commerce, ZULUS’s promotional efforts should be amplified.
personal selling
Selling products and services directly to customers is still a common method of traditional marketing communication. Direct communication, whether verbal or written, is one of the most reliable methods of information exchange (emails and texts). Salespeople use personal selling as the second most common way to convert leads to customers. Personal selling has been a primary focus for many businesses, large and small. With a brand advocate on staff, customers are certain to receive greater attention. For this reason, the company’s salesman will be familiar with the product and its rivals.
Public relations
People will follow ZULUS’ lead if they use public relations to spread the word. News about upcoming movies and items is often included in newspapers in the days leading up to their release. The same is true of public relations. One of the most important avenues for PR campaigns is now social media. You’ll see a lot of headlines that are trending. Examples include press conferences, consumer interaction, newspaper advertising, and community involvement. Public relations is responsible for turning a company’s marketing messages into stories that the media and potential customers want to read. The ZULUS corporation can develop a strong brand and give content progressively, keeping the audience engaged.
Direct Marketing
Companies may now reach out to prospective customers by email, fax, or mobile phone thanks to technological advancements. In the last several years, digital marketing has put a lot of pressure on television and print ads. Digital marketing has almost supplanted television advertising as the most popular form of advertising in 2016 in terms of investment. Given that digital advertising is less expensive than traditional television advertising, ZULUS may consider doing some advertising on the internet. Advertising on the internet has a higher return on investment than advertising in print or broadcast media. Both large and small businesses alike rely on digital marketing to connect with their intended customers.
Brand Extension
Brand expansion is the use of a well-known brand name in the development of new product lines. It makes no difference if this new product category is completely separate from or linked to the brand’s existing product categories.
Impact of Brand Extension
Since it is easier for a firm to reach new markets with a well-known name, this move may have a substantial influence on ZULUS’s brand image.
Customers in the new company are more likely to have the same values and aim as those in the existing firm, increasing the possibility that the brand will be adopted.
An individual brand’s success is directly related to its ability to expand outside its core product line. As long as it makes sense, a company’s image is enhanced when it uses a brand extension strategy to evaluate new product categories (Alba, 1994).
Additionally, it reveals the company’s future resource requirements. Reduces risk and evaluates a product or service’s attractiveness and relevance.
It also makes it simpler for customers or receivers to accept a new product because of the brand extension.
It also lowers the level of danger that customers think they’re taking on. Distribution and testing are more likely to take place than not at this point. New products with the same name as an existing brand are more likely to be tried by consumers. When promotional spending is more successful, advertising, sales, and promotional costs are all decreased.
Benefits of Brand Extension
Taylor (2004, p1) highlights the following benefits of this technique over brand creation:
Establishing “awareness and images” is less crucial because of the strong brand used to sell a new product’s launch. The primary job is to communicate the precise advantages of the new invention, which has already been done. Theodore (2004, p1).
Customer confidence in well-established, well-known brands is based on the fact that these brands provide a guarantee of quality, useful features, and so on. To build “a compelling value proposition in new segments or markets,” the expansion will make use of the brand’s renowned and positive reputation. Taylor (2004, p1). Another study found that “58 per cent of UK customers are more willing to try a new product from the brand they know, rather than only 3 per cent of those who had never heard of the brand before.” Taylor’s (2004, p1).
Customers anticipate their information to be transferred from the brand to the extension,” according to Catherine Viot (2007, p42). A favourable perception of the brand should lead to a positive response to any new product or service offerings. According to her, building consumer loyalty is possible via a well-executed brand expansion. The more happy a consumer is, the more likely they are to buy the same brand in the future. Throughout the example, in the sporting goods industry, customers are more likely to choose a brand that offers footwear, clothing, and accessories for the whole game.
Brand extension is less costly than launching a new brand since the new product utilizes the name of an existing well-known brand.
Promotion of a brand’s visibility: “a more successful and efficient brand-building technique than spending money on advertising” occurs when a brand emerges in another area. According to him, loyal customers will be bolstered, as they would use the brand “in another context” and it is expected that they will prefer this brand to the competitors’.
Extend the brand’s image, particularly if the brand is a little worn out. A brand’s vitality comes from its association with high-quality goods and new developments, as well as its wide variety of offerings. Because customers are more likely to notice the brand name, it helps reinforce their impression that it’s a good one.
The dangers of brand extension
Loss of trust may arise from extending a brand name too far into an unrelated market. Profitability and the most effective use of a company’s brand name are thus critical considerations for companies.
The reputation of a brand may be tarnished if it is exposed to too many diverse sectors (Martinez et al., 2004).
If the new product isn’t up to snuff, the brand’s reputation might be damaged.
Just when a new product is sponsored by a well-known company’s primary brand, investment in it does not cease. All of their attempts might backfire even if they don’t.
It is doubtful that the brand’s growth will be successful if the competitor in the new category is superior or has an edge.
Expansions dilute the company’s most important asset: its brand name, according to C. Viot. However, this growth may harm the present company’s brand image. Park, McCarthy & Milberg define it as “a change in the original customer’s behaviour toward the brand after an extension” (1993, p60).
As Aaker (2004, p211) writes, “the connections generated by an extension may fuzz a sharp picture that had been a vital asset.” As a result, he adds, businesses must consider the possibility of client confusion while expanding.
Its uniqueness may be compromised if the brand is made “for or accessible to everyone,” Aaker warns (2004, p211). At its height, Gucci had almost 14,000 products. This contributed to the collapse of the brand.
According to Aaker (p214), if put near together, brand expansions may cut into existing goods’ market share. Sales of the brand’s original merchandise are declining. As Aaker (2004) points out, the extensions’ good sales numbers cannot outweigh the damage done to the brand’s equity. He thinks that it is preferable than seeing something similar happen to a competitor’s brand.
Taylor (2004) agrees that range extensions that are “brand clones,” unable to effectively differentiate themselves from present goods, are risky. With years of innovation in toothpaste products such as gum protection, whitening, and tartar management, he emphasizes Crest. Its market share plummeted from 50% to 25% with only one product. According to Taylor, “each launch competed for the same use occasion and brought novelty, but not enough extra values to drive incremental growth” (2004, p25). Customers wanted an “all-in-one version,” which Colgate was able to provide in the form of Colgate Total, according to David Taylor.
Brand expansions may be beneficial when carried out as part of a well-defined and well-planned strategy, even though there is no definitive formula for success in this sector. When a strategy is well-planned, it may identify the basic brand value and perception and then construct brand extension by maintaining the essential values while adding additional value via brand extension. Because of this, to fulfil its aim of developing its brand, Zulus must reconsider its fundamental principles.
Competitive positioning
When it comes to marketing, positioning one’s brand versus the competition is critical. How well a company’s goods and services match up against those of its rivals determines the company’s position. A company’s marketing staff takes into consideration a wide range of criteria, including audience preferences and current trends, to better their position in the competitive market (Indeed, 2021)
Global Competition model
Several models may be used to analyze global competitiveness. In certain cases, social and political lessons learned in one setting cannot be transferred to another. New social and political forces make it harder and harder for rivals to keep their “identities.”. ZULUS enhances both the quality and performance of the final product. The fundamental purpose of ZULUS’s globalization is to lower labour costs, therefore if you have a competitive edge, you should explore producing specialized products and services in Ireland (Richard, 2007).
Social-Psychological model
Model A “championship team” mentality is emphasized in social-psychological competitiveness theories. ZULUS must know their opponents and the “game rules” if they are to win. An optimistic outlook is essential for achieving one’s goals. I think they’re a great match. Sharing information on each other’s business strategies and practices is typical. Without some sort of application, this data is as useless as counting the number of paper clips in a box. Managerial power is unquestionable in this location. Competing helps you develop new skills (Richard, 2007). Rivalry in the Economics Model
Customers profit from the competition, while vendors suffer as a result. More competition, in most circumstances, results in lower costs and profits, but it may also result in fewer competitors in other cases.
Biological competitive model
Rules, ethics, and politics guide players’ competition for limited resources. Keeping in mind that your customers are your competitors is essential to your success. One species suffers when competition reduces the number of resources it has access to it. Competition between species and within communities of organisms promotes cross-species and cross-community interactions. ZULUS may have a competitive edge if its competitors leave the market.
Positioning map
High Quality
High Quality
Brand 6
Brand 6
Brand 1
Brand 1
Brand 5
Brand 5
Brand 3
Brand 3
Brand 2
Brand 2
Brand 7
Brand 7
Low price
Low price
High price
High price
Brand 9
Brand 9
Brands that are available ZULUS is presenting to the market a product that is competitive.
Brands that are available ZULUS is presenting to the market a product that is competitive.
Brand 8
Brand 8
Low quality
Low quality
Conclusion
To enhance the existing operations of ZULUS, marketing strategies and long-term plans to reach the goals that eventually result in consumers recognizing and preferring the brand, as well as consideration of communication methods and mix, would be advantageous. If a company wants to grow, it has to be aware of both the benefits and downsides of doing so, and it needs to do so without sacrificing its competitive position.
References
Berkowitz, L., 1984. Advances in experimental social psychology. Academic Press.
Rivers Agency., 2018, August 6. What are the different types of branding strategies? https://riversagency.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-branding-strategies
Indeed Editorial Team., 2021, July. 10 SMART goals in marketing (and why they’re important). Indeed Career Guide. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/smart-goals-marketing
Cassia, F. and Magno, F., 2019. A framework to manage business-to-business branding strategies. EuroMed Journal of Business.
Grenni, S., Horlings, L.G. and Soini, K., 2020. Linking spatial planning and place branding strategies through cultural narratives in places. European Planning Studies, 28(7), pp.1355-1374.
Richards, G. and Duif, L., 2018. Small cities with big dreams: Creative placemaking and branding strategies. Routledge.
Kisiołek, A., Karyy, O. and Нalkiv, L., 2021. The utilization of Internet marketing communication tools by higher education institutions (the example of Poland and Ukraine). International Journal of Educational Management.
del Barrio-García, S. and Prados-Peña, M.B., 2019. Do brand authenticity and brand credibility facilitate brand equity? The case of heritage destination brand extension. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 13, pp.10-23.
Pahwa, V., IMPACT OF BRAND EXTENSION ON BRAND PERSONALITY.
Evren, S. and Kozak, N., 2018. Competitive positioning of winter tourism destinations: A comparative analysis of demand and supply sides perspectives–Cases from Turkey. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, pp.247-257.
Kharub, M. and Sharma, R., 2020. An integrated structural model of QMPs, QMS and firm’s performance for competitive positioning in MSMEs. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 31(3-4), pp.312-341.
Patau, J., Somoza, A. and Torra, S., 2020. Diagnosis of the Domino Effect in Bankruptcy Situations Through Positioning Maps and Their Evolution 10 Years Later. SAGE Open, 10(4), p.2158244020965250.
DeSarbo, W.S., Park, J. and Rao, V.R., 2011. Deriving joint space positioning maps from consumer preference ratings. Marketing Letters, 22(1), pp.1-14.
TO WHAT EXTENT ARE THE MAJOR GLOBAL ISSUES OF THE CURRENT TIME,
Billy Garham Sermon Review Religion and Theology Assignment Help TO WHAT EXTENT ARE THE MAJOR GLOBAL ISSUES OF THE CURRENT TIME, RELATED TO ONE ANOTHER IN THE CONTEXT OF ORGANISATIONS?
Introduction
Humanity is confronted with huge global difficulties that are transitional in origin, transnational in scope, and trans-institutional in character. Nothing has changed; people are still confronted with significant global problems which pose threats to the existence of world awakening and even life on our globe. Global issues are distinguished by the fact that they are of a planetary character and threaten to ruin mankind as a whole. Humanity was confronted with these issues throughout the second part of the twentieth century. It is, in my opinion, linked to the massive size of human activity, which has drastically altered the environment, manner of life, and society. Global issues arose as a result of a fundamentally different degree of interaction between man, nature, and society. They are caused by the increase in human requirements, the massive size of its economic activities, the crises of current socioeconomic development models, and other planetary phenomena. Although we may consider individual global concerns such as globalization, conflict, money, and climate change to be separate – and maybe unrelated – difficulties to be addressed separately, the reality is far from that. They are, in fact, inextricably linked, and our understanding, enjoyment, and responses should reflect this. And, since most of the world’s problems are related and it is hardly possible to combat any one problem just via the efforts of one country or a number of nations, we require collaborative work, and the efforts of all humans the will and efforts of each individual and every family.
Globalization
Globalization is understood to be a sequence by which worldwide organizations and other bigger corporations attain a worldwide stage or begin functioning globally. The ongoing process of globalization aims to reshape contemporary society’s economic, social, cultural, and political dynamics. The expansion of political ties has increased communication among countries and not just them, allowing for deeper economic integration and broader cultural exchanges, all of which have contributed to increased global wealth. Decades of European colonialism and commercial enterprises fueled the first wave of globalization, which was fueled by numerous communication channels throughout the world, such as railways, rivers, the telegraph, and other technologies that promoted governments to invest in many nations. For many countries, globalization is an advantage, but for others, it is seen as a threat to national sovereignty and culture. Here, we’ll look at how globalization has been hindered while also exploring its upsides. Despite the fact that a more stable world has given rise to globalization, the factors that have contributed to its rise have also helped the factions seeking instability. People have been able to attain these objectives because of advancements in the technology and transportation sectors of society. It was not until the early nineteenth century that global alliances created a partnership to facilitate international trade and commerce. Globalization is often viewed as an economic and financial occurrence as a result of commerce achievements and financial discussions. However, it involves a much wider subject than simply the closing of the gap between goods and consumers, services and money. In a globe where major global giants such as China and USA, as well as new globalized nations, have obtained the potential to outperform the world economy, the global technology, which began during the third phase of globalization, has become a strength to take into account e-commerce as a feasible choice.
The global trends of environmental change and globalization present several issues for social scientists. Global production is related to technology in the generation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, which are primarily responsible for climate change. Economic globalization has several environmental consequences. international corporations are shifting operations to developing nations in order to evade tighter environmental rules in their home country. Free trade agreements that limit national governments’ ability to pass environmental regulations; destruction of southern rainforests in order to offer exotic lumber for northern customers and grazing land for cattle for northern hamburgers. Climate change is, by definition, a global concern. Because of the emissions of tons of harmful gases from industry, transportation, agriculture, and consumer activities, the composition of the atmosphere that surrounds the world is changing. The atmosphere is steadily warming as a result of this growing layer of gases. The expected climate changes and repercussions will have an influence on the entire world. Though climate change is a worldwide issue, humans are not all equally to blame for it. The industrialized nations, which account for fewer than 20% of the world’s population, have accounted for approximately 90% of yearly GHG emissions during the previous century, mostly via the use of fossil fuels.
The study of world’s leadership is by large scale becoming important in a period of global awakening. Today’s leaders are not able to afford to limit their abilities to the boundaries of a solo nation’s sovereign territory. In terms of any public law that applies to the rest of the world, modern leaders have to think in a global way. Leaders in an environment that is globalized are limited by financial institutions of the world. Even inside the country, leaders are constrained by civil society from other countries, yet they are unified in their objectives.
Technology is the moving reason behind today’s commercial globalization. It has changed the world’s economy and has transformed into a vital strategy that is competitive. It has globalized the globe, resulting in all countries choosing higher ethical standards. Globalization led to the birth of brand new markets, and information innovation is one of the technologies which has helped in the development of these new stages in an increasing world full of competition. Technology has aided humans in combating the main barriers to global awakening and international trade, the trade barriers such as lack of common standards that are ethical, costs of transportation, and delays in information transmission, therefore transforming the space of the market. Technology has aided software engineers to work in conjunction with firms from all parts of the world through the internet. The advent of technology has assisted greatly in the formation and enlargement of the world market. Multinational organizations are to be viewed as major parties in globalization. Markets are becoming more global at a quick speed, as seen by many types of commerce expanded to other nations. While technology has presented many opportunities for global networks of tasks, it is complex to put to test the system’s force to come to terms with its limitations.
Climate change
Change in climate is the determinant problem of our age, and we are at a complex point. Changes in climate effects are global in understanding and unequal in scale, starting from changing patterns of weather that affect food production to increasing levels at the sea that maximizes the risk of deadly flooding. Global warming is quickly emerging as one of the most difficult and dangerous of the twenty or so intrinsically global challenges. The world’s climate has never been constant. It has moved continually over the last 4.5 billion years owing to emissions from volcanic eruptions, movements of tectonic plates, variations in sun’s radiation, and a variety of other variables. Nonetheless, the world’s climatic condition has maintained its stability since the last ice age, with global temperatures fluctuating by as much as 1°C over a century in the previous ten thousand years. However, there is sprouting evidence that human activities during the previous hundred years have begun to have a significant part in causing rising temperature levels, with a concerning acceleration over the last twenty years. Climate change presents a major risk to world peace and security. It increases competition for resources such as food, land, and water, leading to social disputes and, in other cases, mass migration. Change in climate is already happening: temperatures are increasing, droughts and wildfires are becoming more common, rainfall patterns are altering, snow glaciers are melting away, and the global average sea level is increasing. To combat climate change, we have to reduce or eliminate emissions caused by human activity.
Global awakening and change in climate ideas can be grouped into economic, cultural, and political in one dimension, and as outlining tensions between the global and local levels, global domination, or hybrids and pastiches generated by combining the global and local on another. Climate change, as an issue that both produces and is caused by a global view of the world, is intertwined with the same challenges that confront globalization theorists in both its analysis and policy solutions. The problem is fundamental because forests are a key worldwide source of vital commercial commodities, particularly wood, as well as environmental balance
Without any doubt change in climate is one of the most concerning issues of our day. The quantity of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased tragically during the last one hundred and fifty years, notably carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. A more recent development is the importance of technical innovation in tackling societal challenges such as air and water pollution.
Religion
Religious conflict comprises religious intolerance and prejudices in opposition to believers of different faiths, Religious conflict, intellectual disagreement, and church-state dispute. Such tension is damaging to religion’s general legitimacy and may result in religious apathy or dissolution. Religion is a powerful factor in modern life. It is also one of the most underappreciated social and political impacts on individuals and communities and faith, according to the World Economic Forum, plays a dynamic and growing role in society. Religion and faith communities may contribute to the resolution of any global dilemma while also providing a valuable viewpoint on the challenges. Values are frequently based on religious beliefs. And if 84 percent of the globe believes in something bigger than themselves, it stands to reason that faith will affect and affect global systemic difficulties. Different religious traditions, despite differing points of departure, can contribute to a shared ethical and explanatory framework for making sense of the dizzying transformation of the twenty-first century. Currently, as innovation speeds across sectors, religious communities may serve as a moral bulwark against the corruption that results from a lack of legal structure. Faith groups, through anticipating the future, can also function as an early warning system for immoral behavior. Malaria was decreased in Nigeria because Muslims and Christians cooperated to battle the same mosquitos that struck Muslims on Friday and Christians on Sunday by distributing nets. Faith communities are networks of networks with an intrinsic moral foundation that may inspire action on any issue in today’s society.
Foreign direct investment and commerce thrive in circumstances marked by political stability, the rule of law, and a low level of corruption. It is also true that people of religion are more comfortable with long-term risks, such as taking a long-term view on innovation or ensuring that there are transparent rules in place to maintain a fair playing field. Faith communities, like food security, just feel compelled to manage the environment by something higher than themselves. There is an obligation to do so (as evidenced, for example, by the recent Papal Encyclical urging for immediate action on climate change).
Technology
The utilization of scientific know-how for the practical purposes of human existence is referred to as technology, or, as it might be known the alteration and modification of the people’s surroundings. The Impact of Technological Development on the world Economy System is causing massive changes in how firms and nations organize production, trade goods, invest capital, and develop new products and processes. Advanced data techniques allow easy communication across multinational organizations’ dispersed activities. New materials are transforming industries as diverse as building and communications. Long-standing patterns of productivity and employment have been transformed by advanced industrial technology. The global movement of people and products has been substantially expedited by improved air and maritime transportation. All of this has resulted in increased interdependence among corporations and nations, which have both generated and mandated it. Changes in technologies and the expansion of transnational corporations are propelling the emergence of a world economy, which occasionally clashes with nationalist concerns about retaining comparative advantage and competition. As lawmakers have recognized the importance of tech in global events, tech is now becoming a component of practically every political debate. Governments differ in their approach to influencing and exploiting technological advancements.
Changing climate, famine, sickness, inequality, and conflict are all issues that need to be addressed. The list of issues confronting humanity is growing larger and more complex all the time. Some of these and other difficulties may be addressed by emerging digital technology. However, people have lost trust in what technology would have to provide.
Discussion
Innovation to solve management issues
Technology and science contribute to the solution of climate change, inequality, and other global concerns in order to achieve humankind’s collective objective of a world free of poverty and starvation by 2030. New scientific and technological developments hold enormous potential for attaining the strategic Plan. To genuinely capitalize on the rewards of science and technology for economic development, we must take priority on pro-poor and equitable solutions. Technologies may also assist to create jobs for underserved segments of society, as well as making cities smarter and more sustainable by supporting new transportation systems and enhancing natural resource management. The numerous options afforded by new technology are mostly employed to assist in the resolution of problems that an organization or consumer is experiencing – simplifying procedures, boosting efficiency, improving customer experience, and eventually raising income. Here are several examples of how technology is assisting in the resolution of major global obstacles: Smart classroom technology is tearing down traditional classroom barriers and creating new options for students and instructors. For many students, particularly those in rural places, advances in cloud, video conferencing, and wireless technology can provide access to classes, subjects, and professors that they would otherwise be unable to reach. Increasingly fast internet and enhanced network coverage are also allowing folks who are unable to attend school or university to access free online classes or even self-teach via sites such as Wikipedia and YouTube. Technology can assist to alleviate poverty by increasing job opportunities and allowing individuals in developing nations to access a larger market. Access to the internet, paired with digital literacy, can provide greater chances for people to sustain themselves economically. From smart lighting to non-polluting air cooling and heating systems, smart city and Internet of Things technologies may help to create more efficient buildings and streets. Sensor-enabled applications can measure and improve the consumption of water and power. Sensors have been put in Barcelona to monitor the city’s noise, rain, and air quality, and a smart irrigation system has been deployed to combat drought and enhance water conservation. Consumers sense a connection to a brand and its products when it exhibits a true purpose. They will prefer the product of a really purposeful firm, even if it means paying more. It’s a chance to address social issues while still providing economic benefits.
Conclusion
We cannot deny that these changes have some good consequences (developments) on humans. On the other side, the majority of these impacts have the potential to result in the extinction of humanity or the Earth. At the very least, we know that globalization has been going on for a century. Globalization is, in fact, a natural situation for humans. People profit from the benefits provided by the planet. Nonetheless, such pragmatic endeavors may generate certain issues for humanity. At that moment, it is more necessary to evaluate the negative implications of globalization than the favorable benefits. The world now is more volatile and unpredictable now than at any previous time in history. If we wish to live in a secure world now, we must prepare for future difficulties. Only by doing so will we be able to improve the planet in the future and in the present. From this vantage point, we should seek global answers to global concerns rather than state-centric solutions that are nominative and linked to various types of states. Because we must not lose sight of the fact that we are, first and foremost, global citizens.
References
Global flood The term global flood is a Hebrew name that was
Global flood
The term global flood is a Hebrew name that was used to refer to the flood myth. The flood was supposed to wipe out the life on the land. It was supposed to ensure that all life on the land was destroyed. The reason that God let flooding occur was because of the wickedness that people had gone beyond the expectations of GOD. The reason behind the floods, was God wanted to return the universe into precreation state. The best way was to use flooding and He used noah who built the ark. The ark was supposed to accommodate the creatures that would have been essential to beginning the creation process. This paper will be shedding more light on global flood while explaining the problems of th global flood, the proof of the global floods and effects of the global floods
Problems with global flooding
There were so many problems that had made the floods be prophesied. The main reason was because people had become so sinful that God decided to wipe out His creation. The biblical version states that God wanted to bring the world into the pre creation state. One thing that stands out is that the ark took 700 yeears to be complented. This shows that there was an issue from the biblical point of view. The main reason for the floods was to punish people. however, God decided top use a different approach and chose to punish people.
From the science point of view, there are a lot of discripancies that can be noted. First, the timeframe that was used to build the ark was so long. Additionally the primary raw material was wood. There is high chances that when one side of the ark would be complete the other side of the ark would need major repairs due to detororiation. The other challange how did noah collect the animals aand also fit them in the ark. Some of the animals that were in the ark are carnivores. It would have been a difficult task for Noah to take the animals and secure them while in the ark. Additionally, how were the animals fed while they were in the ark because it is said that the animals and people stayed in the ark for forty days and nights. This showed that there was a challenge that can not be explained easily. The partitioning option that many people think was done in the ark would not be possible. the size of the ark would not have allowed the partitioning to take place.
Proof of global flood
The biblical accounts suggest that there is sufficient evidence that the flooding actually happened. In the book of Geneisis, there are sveral chapters that show the reason behind the ark building. The Bible explains categorically that the ark was built for seven hundred years. also the bible states that since the people did not like the idea that God could wipe the entire human race, they did not participate in the building of the Ark. Noah build the entire ship on his own that was why it took so much time. God then instructed Noah to allow the animals to come on board. The animals were allowed to come in pairs so as to save up space for as many animal spicies as possible.
From the scientific point of view, the evidence that the ark existed has been met with a lot of arguments and confusion. There are many scholars that argue that the boat did not exist. This is because there is no remnants of the remains of the ark. The challenge is that the flooding took place thousnands of years ago. Additionally, the material that built the ark was wood. The detariation of wood is much faster which would make the boat decentragrate years after the flooding. All that remains currently is the speculations that the boat actually existed. Additionally, there are only very few accounts of major flooding in the past. however, there is no hard evidence and proof that shows that the ship existed.
Effect of global flood
There are two types of effects that can be seen at the end of the floods. There was the spiritual and the physical effects. On the spiritual effects are so many. To start with, there was a covenant that was entered between God and man. God created a rain that emnphasiseed that God will never destroy the world with floods. Additionally, the floods showed that God expects people to follow His commandments. The commands that God wants us to follow are not so many. However, it is unfortunate that many people do not follow and this brings about the punishment. God has His own ways of working. This is because he instructed Noah to Build the Ark which took a considerable amount of time. God was so patient with the punishment that he did not act upon Noah or the people while the construction was on going.
The physical effects was that people were punished in the worst way possible. the flooding killed everyone and anything in between. The effects that was created was that God began the creation all over again with the salvaged animals that were saved by the ark. There is sufficient evidence that showed that even though people are doing the right thing, there is the chance that people can deviate from God’s will. Such actions can be devastating because God can unleash punishment
Conclusion
The floods show that God is a patient God but when he decides to punish, his wrath can have catastrophic effects. There are many scholars that argue about the floods. However, looking at the Biblical accounts, there is evidence that show that it actually happened. God was able to save the few creation that would initiate another form of creation. The effects were so severe but people were able to bounce back and begin afresh.
Global Flood Name of Student Name of Professor Institution Course Code/Title Date
Global Flood
Name of Student
Name of Professor
Institution
Course Code/Title
Date
Introduction
The term global flood is a Hebrew name that was used to refer to the flood myth. The flood was supposed to wipe out the life on the land. It was supposed to ensure that all life on the land was destroyed. The reason that God let flooding occur was because of the wickedness that people had gone beyond the expectations of GOD. The reason behind the floods was God wanted to return the universe to its pre-creation state. The best way was to use flooding and He used Noah who built the ark. The ark was supposed to accommodate the creatures that would have been essential to beginning the creation process. This paper will be shedding more light on global floods while explaining the problems of the global flood, the proof of the global floods, and the effects of the global floods
Problems with Global Flooding
There were so many problems that had made the floods be prophesied. The main reason was that people had become so sinful that God decided to wipe out His creation. The biblical version states that God wanted to bring the world into the pre-creation state. One thing that stands out is that the ark took 700 years to be completed. This shows that there was an issue from the biblical point of view. The main reason for the floods was to punish people. however, God decided to use a different approach and chose to punish people.
From the scientific point of view, there are a lot of discrepancies that can be noted. First, the timeframe that was used to build the ark was so long. Additionally, the primary raw material was wood. There are high chances that when one side of the ark would be complete the other side of the ark would need major repairs due to deterioration. The other challenge was how did Noah collect the animals and also fit them in the ark. Some of the animals that were in the ark are carnivores. It would have been a difficult task for Noah to take the animals and secure them while in the ark. Additionally, how were the animals fed while they were in the ark because it is said that the animals and people stayed in the ark for forty days and nights? This showed that there was a challenge that cannot be explained easily. The partitioning option that many people think was done in the ark would not be possible. the size of the ark would not have allowed the partitioning to take place.
Proof of Global Flood
The biblical accounts suggest that there is sufficient evidence that the flooding happened. In the book of Genesis, several chapters show the reason behind the Ark building. The Bible explains categorically that the ark was built seven hundred years. Also, the bible states that since the people did not like the idea that God could wipe out the entire human race, they did not participate in the building of the Ark. Noah build the entire ship on his own which was why it took so much time. God then instructed Noah to allow the animals to come on board. The animals were allowed to come in pairs to save up space for as many animal species as possible.
From the scientific point of view, the evidence that the ark existed has been met with a lot of arguments and confusion. Many scholars argue that the boat did not exist. This is because there are no remnants of the remains of the ark. The challenge is that the flooding took place thousands of years ago. Additionally, the material that built the ark was wood. The deterioration of wood is much faster which would make the boat disintegrate years after the flooding. All that remains currently is the speculations that the boat existed. Additionally, there are only very few accounts of major flooding in the past. however, there is no hard evidence or proof that shows that the ship existed.
Effect of the Global Flood
There are two types of effects that can be seen at the end of the floods. There were the spiritual and the physical effects. The spiritual effects are so many. To start with, there was a covenant that was entered between God and man. God created a rain that emphasized that God will never destroy the world with floods. Additionally, the floods showed that God expects people to follow His commandments. The commands that God wants us to follow are not so many. However, it is unfortunate that many people do not follow and this brings about the punishment. God has His ways of working. This is because he instructed Noah to Build the Ark which took a considerable amount of time. God was so patient with the punishment that he did not act upon Noah or the people while the construction was ongoing.
The physical effect was that people were punished in the worst way possible. the flooding killed everyone and anything in between. The effect that was created was that God began the creation all over again with the salvaged animals that were saved by the ark. There is sufficient evidence biblically that showed that even though people are doing the right thing, there is a chance that people can deviate from God’s will. Such actions can be devastating because God can unleash punishment
Conclusion
The floods show that God is a patient God but when he decides to punish, his wrath can have catastrophic effects. Many scholars argue about floods. However, looking at the Biblical accounts, there is evidence that shows that it happened. God was able to save the few creations that would initiate another form of creation. The effects were so severe but people were able to bounce back and begin afresh.
“Geologic Evidences For The Genesis Flood”. 2022. Answers In Genesis. https://answersingenesis.org/the-flood/geologic-evidences-for-the-genesis-flood/.
“Noah’S Flood: A Unique, Historical, Yearlong, Global Catastrophe”. 2022. Answers In Genesis. https://answersingenesis.org/the-flood/global/biblical-necessity-global-flood/.
“How Noah’S Flood Shaped Our Earth”. 2022. Creation.Com. https://creation.com/media-center/podcast/flood-shaped-our-earth.
“What Part Does The Flood Of Noah’s Day Play In Creation Thinking?”. 2022. Icr.Org. https://www.icr.org/article/what-part-does-flood-noahs-day-play-creation-think.
Bibliography
Geologic Evidences For The Genesis Flood”. 2022. Answers In Genesis. https://answersingenesis.org/the-flood/geologic-evidences-for-the-genesis-flood/.
How Noah’S Flood Shaped Our Earth”. 2022. Creation.Com. https://creation.com/media-center/podcast/flood-shaped-our-earth.
News, ABC. 2022. “Evidence Noah’s Biblical Flood Happened, Says Robert Ballard”. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/evidence-suggests-biblical-great-flood-noahs-time-happened/story?id=17884533.
“Noah’S Flood: A Unique, Historical, Yearlong, Global Catastrophe”. 2022. Answers In Genesis. https://answersingenesis.org/the-flood/global/biblical-necessity-global-flood/.
“Problems With A Global Flood, 2Nd Edition”. 2022. Talkorigins.Org. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-noahs-ark.html#implications.
“What Part Does The Flood Of Noah’s Day Play In Creation Thinking?”. 2022. Icr.Org. https://www.icr.org/article/what-part-does-flood-noahs-day-play-creation-think.
Principles, Technology, and International Comparison of Operational Systems for the Global Positioning
Principles, Technology, and International Comparison of Operational Systems for the Global Positioning System
As a radio navigation system, the global positioning system uses a constellation of satellites.
GPS’s Early Years
The “Doppler Effect,” a shift in a satellite’s radio transmission that scientists discovered during the Sputnik era, was the inspiration for GPS. As early as the mid-1960s, the United States Navy performed satellite navigation trials so that it could track US nuclear submarines. Six satellites orbiting the poles made it possible for submarines to see the Doppler shifts in the satellites’ signals and pinpoint their exact location within minutes.
Department of Defense sought to assure that a robust and dependable satellite navigation system will be available in the early 1970s. The DoD chose to use satellites as a support for their planned navigation system, building on previous suggestions from Navy experts. In 1978, the Department of Defense (DoD) launched the first NAVSTAR satellite as part of its follow-up plan. In 1993, the 24-satellite constellation went into full functioning.
On today’s Earth, the United States government owns and operates the GPS space-based radionavigation system for national defense, homeland security, commercial and scientific purposes. Since its inception in 1978, GPS has offered two levels of service: the Standard Positioning Service (SPS) and the Precise Positioning Service (PPS), both of which use a P(Y) code. US Armed Forces, US Federal agencies, and chosen allied armed forces and governments are the only ones allowed access to the PPS. The SPS is available to all users across the world, without any direct user charges, at no additional cost. The Global Positioning System Performance Standards and Specifications detail the SPS’s capabilities.
How the GPS works
Global networks of satellites in medium earth orbit provide radio signals for use in satellite navigation. GPS users are mainly familiar with the United States’ 31 Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. In addition, there are three more constellations that offer the same services. The Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are the collective name for these constellations and their additions (GNSS). Galileo developed and operated by the European Union, GLONASS by Russia and BeiDou produced and operated by China are the other constellations. Every single service provider has made their systems available to the global world for free of charge. In order to promote the use of these constellations for aviation, all of the providers have produced International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards and recommended practices.
The basic GPS service offers users with around 7.0-meter accuracy, 95% of the time, anywhere on or near the surface of the globe. At least four satellite signals must be combined with the signals from each of the 31 other satellite signals in order for this to work. Atomic clocks in GPS satellite systems give exceptionally precise time information. The satellite broadcasts time information in the codes it transmits, allowing a receiver to always know when the signal was transmitted. It comprises information that receivers need to compute the satellite locations and other modifications required for precise positioning. Distance to the satellite is calculated by the receiver using the time delay between receiving the signal and broadcasting it. The ionosphere and troposphere induce propagation delays and speed drops, which must be taken into consideration by the receiver. The receiver may calculate its own three-dimensional position using information about the ranges of three satellites and the location of the satellite at the time of the signal’s transmission. Accurate measurements can only be made with an atomic clock synced with GPS. The receiver does away with the necessity for an atomic clock by using data from a fourth satellite instead. So the receiver uses four satellites to compute latitude, longitude, altitude and time.
The GPS TECHNOLOGY
Trilateration is the method employed by GPS. There are many other methods for determining the location of an object, but trilateration is the most commonly used. As opposed to triangulation, which is used to determine angles rather than distances, this is a common misunderstanding.
A GPS gadget on or near the earth’s surface interprets signals sent by satellites orbiting the planet. A GPS gadget must be able to receive signals from at least four satellites in order to compute its location. One signal is sent from each satellite twice daily, and each satellite has its own unique orbital characteristics and time of arrival. Six or more satellites can be read at any given time by a GPS system.
When a GPS device picks up a microwave signal from a single satellite, it is utilized to determine the GPS device’s distance from the satellite. A single GPS satellite can only supply a limited amount of location data because it only measures the distance between the device and the satellite. Because satellites do not transmit information regarding angles, a GPS device can be located anywhere on the surface of a sphere. With each signal, a circle is formed with an arc that extends outwards from the GPS unit. Second satellite produces a second circle, and this reduces the search area to one of two possible intersections. The device’s location can be pinpointed with the addition of a third satellite since it sits at the point where all three circles connect.
Since our planet is three-dimensional, each satellite generates a sphere rather than a circle. Because there are two locations of junction created by intersecting three spheres, the one closest to Earth is selected. The radius (the distance to the satellite) changes when a device travels. Spheres are created when the radius changes, allowing us to move into a new location. The satellite time and the data we have from it allow us to calculate our velocity, the distance to our goal, and an ETA.
How GPS is used by humans
In terms of what GPS technology can do, the only restriction is your own creative imagination. As a result of their versatility, GPS systems can be found in a wide range of industries. To this day, GPS is used to monitor forests, assist farmers in harvesting their fields, and guide airline pilots as they fly overhead or over the land. Military and emergency responders rely on positioning devices to locate those in need of aid. It’s not uncommon for GPS technology to be put to use in places where we wouldn’t expect it.
For enterprises and organizations across a wide range of industries, GPS is an essential tool. Among those who use GPS on a daily basis for work include surveyors, scientists, pilots, boat captains, first responders, and workers in mining and agriculture industries. They use GPS data to prepare accurate surveys and maps, take precise time measurements, track position or location, and use it for navigation, among other things. At any moment and in practically any weather condition, GPS is able to locate you.
GPS has five primary functions: which involve identifying where you are in relation to others, moving from one location to the next, monitoring the movement of an object or an individual. Since it involvesall about mapping out our planet, GPS enables the precise measurement of time.
GPS can be used in a variety of ways, such as: In an emergency or natural catastrophe, first responders use GPS to map the area, watch the weather, as well as keep an eye on the location of other emergency workers. Emergency services are able to respond more quickly in the EU and Russia because to the eCall law, which makes use of GLONASS (a GPS alternative) and telematics. In eentertainment, GPS can be used in games like Pokémon Go and Geocaching.
Running distance can be tracked with wearable technology, which can then be compared to other people of a similar age and gender. In industries such as construction, mining, and off-road haulage, GPS can help organizations maximize the value of their assets. Tracking off-road equipment and construction vehicles are two of our specialties.
Improved driver efficiency and safety are the primary goals of telematics systems implemented by logistics organizations. Route optimization, fuel efficiency, driver safety, and compliance can all benefit from the usage of a truck tracker. Agriculture, autonomous vehicles, sales and services, the military, mobile communications, security, and fishing are among the other industries that make use of GPS.
GPS ACCURACY
The accuracy of a GPS system is highly dependent on a variety of factors, including the number of accessible satellites, the ionosphere, and metropolitan environments. GPS accuracy can be hampered by a variety of reasons, including: physical obstructions whereby large masses like mountains, buildings, and trees can skew arrival time estimations.
Cloud cover, ionosphere delays, and solar storms can all have an impact on GPS tracking hence leading to an atmospheric effect. Even though it happens less frequently, a satellite’s orbital model (called an ephemeris) may be erroneous or out of date. This could be a problem if the device’s hardware isn’t created to the manufacturer’s specs. GPS jamming devices and spoofs are examples of artificial interference.
As a rule, the more open the place, the better the signal reception will be. An urban canyon is a term for this effect. When a satellite signal is first obstructed by a building and then bounced off another building, the signal is eventually read by the equipment when it is surrounded by enormous buildings, such as in downtown Manhattan or Toronto. As a result, errors in determining the satellite’s distance may occur
COMPARISON
Checking out a new coffee shop in town or traveling to your vacation spot like a local is not even a big deal these days. To get out of a jam, all you have to do is type the location into your phone’s GPS, and you’ll be there in no time. Furthermore, how the tiny smartphone in our hands manages to guide us to every edge is mysterious. The phone’s GPS chip is the key ingredient. All across the world, GPS can tell you exactly where you are and what time it is. These apps have been thoroughly evaluated by mobile application testing agencies and can be found in both Google Play and Apple’s App Store for their convenience. These include GPS (the United States), GLONASS (Russia), Galileo / BeiDou (China), and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) (China). QZSS (Japan), for example, and IRNSS or NavIC (Italy) are two more regional systems (India).
The GPS systemin the United States of America has been in use for the longest. When it was first launched in 1978, it was only available to the general public in 1994. An autonomous military navigation capability was the driving force for its development. And the US military was the first to catch on to this fact. And so, in 1964, the Transit system was put into place to do this. It was based on the Doppler Effect, which was used in missile submarines, surface ships, and for hydrographic survey and geodetic charting in support of the US military. A public GPS system was eventually developed over time. With 33 satellites in total, 31 are currently in orbit and functioning as GPS receivers. In order to keep at least 24 working GPS satellites, the US Air Force is responsible for maintaining the system. GPS has launched 72 satellites to date.
Global NAvigation Satellite System, or GLONASS, is Russia’s global navigation system. With 12 satellites in 2 orbits at a height of 19,130 kilometers, GLONASS went live in 1993. There are currently 27 active satellites in orbit. It is operated by the Russian Aerospace Defense Forces and is the second alternate navigational system in use.
SNS (Satellite Navigation System) BeiDou hails from China. It now has 22 operational satellites in orbit, and the whole constellation is expected to include 35 satellites. BeiDou-1 and BeiDou-2 are the two constellations that make up the BeiDou system. There were three satellites that made up BeiDou-1 (also known as the first generation). It was launched in 2000 and provides limited coverage and navigation services, primarily for customers in China and the surrounding area. The Beidou-1 satellite was retired at the end of 2012. BeiDou-2, or COMPASS, is the system’s second generation. In 2011, a partial constellation of ten satellites was launched into orbit and the system went live. BeiDou-3 is the third iteration of the system. In March of this year, the first BDS-3 satellite was sent into orbit. Nine BDS-3 satellites have been launched as of January 2018. By the end of 2020, BeiDou-3 is projected to be completely operational.
Regional Japanese satellite navigation system, the Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, is still being developed by Japan’s Satellite Positioning Research and Application Center. The QZSS constellation is expected to have seven satellites, four of which have already been launched into space. Upon its completion in 2018, the QZSS satellite constellation will be ready to begin providing positioning services over Asia-Oceania. GPS and QZSS will be able to communicate.
An operational name of NavIC or NAVigation with the Indian Constellation was given to the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), the country’s regional satellite navigation system. A satellite system built and operated by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is known as the IRNSS. All seven satellites are in orbit, but the first one, IRNSS A, has been out of service since last year since all three atomic clocks on it have failed.