Based on examples from one of the recommended articles selected by you, the lecture notes, the text, and other Essay - Best History Assignment Help By Professors

Based on examples from one of the recommended articles selected by you, the lecture notes, the text, and other sources, discuss one or several of the themes: quantitative analysis and decision making, quantitative analysis models, application of quantitative analysis in real situations, the role of computers and spreadsheet models in the quantitative analysis approach.

I will give you the recommended article later when the professor gives it to me. Please select an article from the recommended article. Thank you!

Historio week 6 posts DP Brown’s narrative of Tacky’s Revolt is revealing

Historio week 6 posts

Brown’s narrative of Tacky’s Revolt is revealing and ties together many themes we have already discussed from other readings this semester. I found particular comparison with Gomez’s Reversing Sail, Berlin’s Many Thousands Gone, and Trouillot’s Silencing The Past.

I found Brown’s usage of the phrase ‘diasporic warfare’ in a few places throughout the work to be an odd and insightful approach. Gomez’s work was careful to point out areas of continuity between blacks’ African past and their later experience in the New World, and the cultural prediliction for tactics employed in Tacky’s Revolt and the Coromantee War is apparent. For example, Brown notes that the rebels of Tacky’s Revolt favored skirmishing in small bands and converging on major targets, a method of warfare wholly opposite their European counterparts. Even on the other side of the conflict, the maroons called to aid the slaveholders carried out most of the fighting in the brush were militias disproportionately composed of genteel pseudo-aristocrats would not go. It’s easy to forget that conceptions of appropriate military tactics and strategies are informed by (and often expressions of) cultural assumptions. Experience fighting in Africa clearly carried over to a new context and helped to shape it. In his situation of the narrative of the revolt, there is also a clear attention being given by Brown to Africa and Africans as being a core part of an Atlantic World, and as having more agency than merely being the origin point of some of the enslaved characters in his narrative. The tactics, ideas, and traditions of Africa are front and center in his narrative of very complicated conflicts with consewuences in the Americas, Europe, and Africa. Jamaica in this narrative is not merely an island on the edge of a very large maritime empire, but rather is front and center.

I also found Brown’s emphasis on the disruptive, transformative nature of conflict and emphasis on labor relations as a major site of resistance to be highly reminiscent of Berlin. Chapter 2 features quite a bit of this, with insightful analysis of the different circumstances enslaved persons found themselves in, and how that affected the expression of resistance available to slaves. The experience of enslavement varied widely between field workers, domestic servants, and tradesmen, with access to some opportunities limited by ethnictiy and gender. It’s also important that Brown takes these into account. Although Tacky’s Revolt is very much a history of conflict and dramatic characters, he is clearly also paying attention to far less dramatic and more subtle sites of subaltern resistance.

In regard to how Brown deals with power disparities in the archive of Tacky’s Revolt, I though it was interesting to note how Brown is working with source material that is told exclusively from the point of view of slavers. I though he handled this problem brilliantly and with great attention to silences inherent in the source material. Despite drawing heavily from Edwards’ and Long’s accounts of the uprising, Brown turns a clearly critical eye towrd these sources and is careful to point out their agendas and interests in writing the works, remarking upon their silences and seeking to fill in the gaps with other sources. In describing one of the earlier engagements of the conflict, Brown states “Long and Edwards, as committed apologists for the planter class, rendered their (the militia’s) actions in heroic terms” (Brown, 141). Despite their account of the ‘bold attack’ by militiamen against the rebels, Brown notes that …”to quell the revolt, someone other than the haughty parish elite would have to fight them in the deep woods” (ibid). This is one relatively small example, but this critical eye toward the source material is present throughout.

As for Parish’s article, I found it to be an excellent window in the wide range of complicated and contradictory views in Afro-American historiography. He takes us on a tour of a dizzying array of interpretations of several dimensions of slavery, including religion, the uniqueness (or lack thereof) of culture among the enslaves, and labor relations, and forces us to reckon with how historians often jump to sweeping generalizations of what were, after all, an incredibly diverse arrangement of individual characters in a wide range of circumstances. Certainly, if historians have such a large number of ways in which we can conceive of the experience of slavery, does it not also make sense that the experience of those who lived through it might not be equally diverse, if not even more so? One common theme I noticed throughout his discussion of the historiography seems to be a tension between recognizing the agency of slaves as historical actors, while also reckoning with the immense power that masters implicitly held over them. This is a far more complicated dynamic than one might initially assume and I think, as Berlin is very attentive to, certainly varied depending on the time, place, and individual in question.

“Slavery and Its Schools” explores ways in which enslaved people sought to control a portion of their lives, which resulted in a new African American culture. These attempts a taking control of a portion of their lives produced ways where slaves learned to adapt to plantation society, while creating a sense of hope and resilience. Parrish dicussed religion on plantations saying that, “The emotional and psychological strength which enabled slaves to withstand the dehumanizing aspects of their condition came in large measure from their faith.” (84), showing how slaves used religion to maintain a hopeful mind. Parrish explores different aspects of enslaved life where enslaved people took American ideologies and transformed them into their own distinct ideology that they preserved for years to come. The ideals discussed by Parrish resonated with the Brown reading, especially when Parrish stated, ““The slave personality and slave behavior were not set in any one mold.” (70) and that “Slaves commonly had experience of more than one owner, and this comparative dimension helped to broaden the range of responses and tactics they might use.” (70) These two quotes relate to the Brown reading because Parrish is suggesting that slaves had different lived experiences that contributed to various thought processes and actions that didn’t consist of one shared African culture, where Brown details the various identities, perspectives, and tactics utilized by enslaved people who participated in slave rebellions in Jamaica. Were there any similarities you all saw between the Parrish and Brown reading?

Tacky’s Revolt explored the various slave rebellions that occurred in European controlled Jamaica and the different tactics Africans utilized in order to deploy these rebellions. Brown labeled that slavery “itself was a form of war.” (72) and that these slave rebellions were a part of this war. Brown focuses on enslaved peoples’ adaptation to changing environments, political structure, geographic location, and societies that assisted them in forming both communities and rebellions. Brown noted that following Tacky’s Revolt and the Coromantee War, colonists were on “high alert.” (223) of future rebellions. As I read these rebellions and the tactics utilized by maroons and African “rebels”, I noticed that the psychological warfare used by Africans was not confined to battles, but outside of battles. For example, Brown noted that, “evidence of the threat that Coromantees posed seemed to be everywhere.” (224), revealing how these rebellions were getting into colonists’ heads that affected their thought process, society, and everyday lives of living in fear of rebellions. This psychological constant state of fear continued post battle, resulting in enslaved people achieving the upper hand even after African rebels were defeated. Even though white writers would print their own narrative of the events of the rebellions to paint Africans in a bad light as “violent” and “barbaric”, the rebellions scared the white colonists prompting new laws that placed Africans into a racial category that suppressed them even more than they were. These laws thus reveal the mark that Africans had on European law and society. Peter Parrish spoke about this constant state of fear in North America saying, “the persistent fear of slave rebellion was one of the forces which drove the South toward the suicidal act of secession.” (72) showing how this fear influenced rash decisions made by white elite men. Parrish also noted that, “If the slaves were constantly reminded of their dependence on their owners, it was also true that slaveholders were dependent upon their slaves.” (74) This statement conveys the notion that white slaveholders feared that their dependence on slaves and the profit slaves brought them would fade, showing how slave rebellions prompted reminded slave holders how important slaves were to their way of living.

I noticed various similarities between the Trouillot reading and this week’s reading. One in particular is how both Brown and Trouillot mentioned that European made archives of the African diaspora were inaccurate. Brown noted that, “Eighteenth-century European transcription of African names was inexact and inconsistent.” (36) This statement expands on the idea that Trouillot introduced in his reading that historians have to be wary of archives that we study to ensure that they are accurate and useful in telling an unbiased story. Another similarity between our previous readings and the Brown reading is the topic of maroon life. In Jamaica, enslaved people who had been left behind after the Spanish attacked Jamaica helped form maroons that “helped to inspire captives on the plantations” (51) to stage “several serious revolts between 1673 and 1694.” (51) In the previous readings, maroon life was discussed by describing how they lived and where they lived in the Americas, but Brown expands on this idea stating that maroons inspired enslaved people in Jamaica to revolt against being enslaved. Brown also detailed maroon life as consisting of “coalition-building strategies that had worked in West Africa.” (110) and how maroons “adopted the “Kromanti language” –derived from several Gold Coast tongues–as a unifying idiom.” (111) revealing the complex outcomes that maroon life held and the new and old cultures that formed. These complex outcomes of maroon life resulted from the constant awareness of battling other Africans, maroons, and Europeans. Maroon life served as a way in which Africans came together in order to adapt to the changing circumstances of battles and slavery in Jamaica. Maroons established specific ways to defend themselves and their homes against enemies where they worked together to fight enemies and create an escape plan for women and children. Maroons defensive and combative strategies were super interesting to read about where Brown stated they “used sound bouncing among the steep canyons to spook and confuse colonial troops.” (112) and utilized sound as an offensive and defensive technique against enemies. These strategies reveal how maroons invented their own technique of fighting that consisted of unique tactics that only maroons would be able to train due to their living conditions.

Additionally, I noticed a similarity between the Berlin reading and this week’s reading in how tensions between African communities emerged from a slave society. Berlin’s organizational strategies of his book helped readers to determine similarities and differences between enslaved peoples in various regions and enslaved generations. Some of these similarities and differences consisted of tensions within the black communities that emerged out of a slave soceity. Brown noted these tensions while discussing Tacky’s Revolt in which the rebels “did not hesitate to slay fellow slaves who failed to join them or impeded the uprising.” (136) revealing the effects slavery had on the relationship between enslaved people, the decisions made by rebels, and how political motivations divided African communities.

L.L.

In Tacky’s Revolt: The Story of an Atlantic Slave War, Vincent Brown attempts to expand our understanding of the reach of isolated slave revolts in the Caribbean. He argues that they tell a larger story about the significance of the transatlantic slave trade to the rise of western European empires. Nevertheless, while traditional histories view Western European colonies as shifting the balance of power in North America during the early modern period, Brown suggests that enslaved individuals asserted their influence in this balancing act. However, enslaved individuals did not constitute a homogenous group within this conglomeration, as Tacky’s unique life trajectory demonstrates. For instance, in “Slavery and Its Schools,” Peter Parrish posits that all enslaved people did not simply band together against a common enemy (slavery); some chose “abject submission” or “violent rebellion,” but most took paths between these two options (Parrish, 70). Likewise, Brown does not see slave “resistance” as consistent and identical; his book challenges the perception that all slaves united in a common cause. Instead, he acknowledges how the inter-continental conflicts that fed the transatlantic African slave trade contributed to enslaved peoples’ diverse responses to their turbulent environment amid the Seven Years’ War. He argues that enslaved Africans in Jamaica “fought for the space to develop their own notions of belonging, status, and fairness beyond the masters’ reach” (Brown, 246). In contrast to dominant themes within the Haitian Revolution and American Civil War, the Jamaican revolts reveal how enslaved people’s continuous battle against their oppression did not simply resemble a fight between enslaved and enslaver, but for the space to express individual autonomy, which differed from person to person.

Brown illuminates how enslaved peoples’ experience with inter-tribal conflicts in Africa carried over into the New World, all the while keeping the imperialistic aspirations of Western European nations in check. He describes the balancing act between Europeans and Africans on the Gold Coast over commercial access and how growing investment in trade sparked conflict between African tribes, which fed the slave trade. In this way, Brown, like Gomez, supports a diasporic interpretation of events across the Atlantic by showing that conflict in Jamaica began in Africa. Also, similar to how Berlin, in Many Thousands Gone, discussed enslaved Africans’ retention of their native identities and cultures, Brown reveals that Africans brought their military experience and inter-tribal conflict with them into the New World. For example, Brown asserts that “given this tight linkage of war, enslavement, and economic expansion, the history of Africa must be understood as an integral part of the development of European empires” (Brown, 29). Seen through this lens, Africans played a critical role in setting the boundaries that controlled Europeans’ access to North America.

Furthermore, Brown helps us see how enslaved peoples’ put pressure on the British to end the transatlantic slave trade. He reveals how a reliance on slavery presented a constant threat to European empires’ stability because of the constant state of rebellion inherent to slavery. He writes that “slave war is pervasive and unending, the natural consequence of slavery itself” (Brown, 248). War is an essential aspect of slavery, and the enslaved shaped the landscape in North America, regardless of the result of their rebellions. They asserted ownership of their physical bodies and space just as much as they limited the imperial aspirations of European powers. Their constant and inherent resistance to objectification presented a perpetual threat to the profits of slavery.

Brown describes how past historians’ reliance on narratives produced by Western Europeans has skewed understandings of the import of slave revolts. He reminds us that these individuals’ perspectives of the world and their failure to recognize enslaved people as official belligerents have misshaped the historiography of Jamaican slave revolts (Brown, 11). This point echoes one of Trouillot’s primary arguments about how western observers failed to recognize the role of enslaved individuals in the Haitian Revolution (Trouillot, 89). Instead, they continued to believe that elite whites and creoles utilized slave labor without needing their consent.

In addition, one of Parrish’s assertions in “Slavery and Its Schools,” harkens back to Berlin’s assertion in Many Thousands Gone that the production process represented a medium for enslaved peoples to assert their influence on enslavers (Berlin, 11). Parrish draws attention to enslavers’ reliance on their slaves’ cooperation during the production process (Parrish, 74). Thus the very nature of commodifying humans and then expecting them not to assert their humanity is fundamentally flawed. Slavery necessitated a balancing act between the enslaver and enslaved, and recognizing this truth expands our conception of resistance beyond obvious and extreme acts of violence.

Financial Analysis: Mastercard vs.Visa Financial Analysis: Mastercard vs.Visa XXX MBA 615 XX

Based on examples from one of the recommended articles selected by you, the lecture notes, the text, and other Essay Business Assignment Help Financial Analysis: Mastercard vs.Visa

Financial Analysis: Mastercard vs.Visa

XXX

MBA 615

10/02/2022

Introduction

This is a financial analysis of Mastercard versus Visa. This financial analysis will help us compare these company’s financial statements to review profitability, liquidity, leverage, and their operating returns. These two companies are huge competitors and this report will analyze and compare their finances in order to determine which company is the better company to invest in.

Mastercard and Visa are two of the largest payment processing companies in the world (Hayes, 2022). Consumers are familiar with debit cards and credit cards as forms of non-cash payments and accounted for 174.2 billion in 2018 (Hayes, 2022). This annual volume is significant and provides shareholders with the opportunity to invest in our recommendation.

Profitability Ratios Mastercard

Profitability ratios are the measurement used to determine the earnings of a business (Bragg, 2022). These ratios express how a company “can pay off its short-term debts as they become due, using the company’s current or quick assets (Bloomenthal, 2022)”. The three profitability ratios that are calculated for Mastercard included gross margin, operation margin, and net profit margin. Mastercard’s gross margin from 2017 to 2019 was fairly consistent. The gross margin from 2017 to 2018 was 78.50%, 78.50%, and 79.05%. Inherently, gross margin is the ability of a company to sell a product for more than what it costs to produce (Berk & DeMarzo, 2020, p. 41). This number staying consistent YOY is a positive financial trend. The operating margin for Mastercard from 2017 to 2018 was 53.96%, 56.01%, and 57.43%. Operating margin takes into account additional expenses and shows how much is earned before earnings and taxes whereas gross margin is strictly based on cost of goods (Berk & DeMarzo, 2020, p. 41). These numbers during this time frame have increased YOY, which is promising meaning overhead and other expenses decreased or the revenue increased. Mastercard’s net profit margin has shown a significant increase since 2017. The net profit margin has increased from 31.33% in 2017 to 39.19% in 2018, and to 48.08% in 2019. This number is especially important for equity holders because it is dollars available to them after taxes (Berk & DeMarzo, 2020, p. 42). An increase in this means more available for equity holders. All of the numbers indicate a very healthy profitability for Mastercard that is enticing to shareholders.

Liquidity Ratios Mastercard

Liquidity ratios are exactly what one would expect them to be. It is formulaic calculations derived from the balance sheet indicating how liquid a company is (Berk & DeMarzo, 2020, p. 43). Broadly speaking, it is desirable to have higher liquidity ratios, but not too high. In simple terms having a liquidity ratio of 1:1 means that there are just enough liquid assets to cover the liabilities the company holds. For both Mastercard and Visa, current and cash ratio are the two that will be discussed. For current ratio overall it decreased from 2017 to 2019. This is not the most promising trend for Mastercard because a lower ratio means they are more likely to experience a cash shortfall (Berk & DeMarzo, 2020, p. 43). The most stringent liquidity ratio, cash ratio also decreased YOY. Just because these ratios are not as promising as profitability does not write off Mastercard and this is because if they could generate cash quickly in their operations they could still be considered liquid.

Profitability Ratios Visa

Visa’s gross margin from 2017 to 2019 was consistent. The gross margin from 2017 to 2018 were

The operating margin for Visa from 2017 to 2018 was

Visa’s net profit margin has

The net profit margin increased from

Liquidity Ratios Visa

Similarly to Mastercard, Visa current and cash ratio both decreased from 2017 to 2019. The analysis discussed in Mastercard is the same here. Decreasing ratios are not favorable because that indicates that the company could potentially be turning less liquid. That is not necessarily the case from these ratios alone, which is why it is important for potential investors to consider the holistic performance. Once again, if Visa could generate quick cash in their operations, it could be liquid. More information is needed to know to be certain. For example in the textbook it mentions that these ratios could increase because of increased inventory. That inventory could just be a factor of certain products not selling well (Berk & DeMarzo, 2020, p. 43).

Leverage Ratios Mastercard

Debt to Equity

Leverage Ratios Visa

Debt to Equity

Operating Returns Mastercard

Return on Equity (ROE)

Return on Assets (ROA)

Operating Returns Visa

Return on Equity (ROE)

Return on Assets (ROA)

Below are the numerical values for Mastercard and Visa displayed in chart format.

Mastercard

2019

2018

2017

Formulas

Gross Margin

13,346,000,000/16,883,000,000=

79.05%

11,736,000,000/14,950,000,000=

78.50%

9,810,000,000/12,497,000,000=

78.50%

Gross Profit/Sales

Operating Margin

9,696,000,000/ 16,883,000,000=

57.43%

8,374,000,000/ 14,950,000,000=

56.01%

6,743,000,000/ 12,497,000,000=

53.96%

Operating Income/Revenue

Net Profit Margin

8,118,000,000/ 16,883,000,000=

48.08%

5,859,000,000/ 14,950,000,000=

39.19%

3,915,000,000/12,497,000,000=

31.33%

Net Income/Sales

Current Ratio

16902/11904=

1.42

16171/11593=

1.39

13797/8793=

1.57

Current assets/current liabilities

Cash Ratio

6988/11904=

0.59

6682/11593=

0.58

5933/8793=

0.67

Cash/current liabilities

Debt to Equity

23319/5917=

3.94

19442/5418=

3.59

15832/5497=

2.88

Total Debt/ Total shareholder Equity

ROE: Return on Equity

3,915,000,000/5,486,000,000=

71.60%

5,859,000,000/5,395,000,000=

108.6%

8,118,000,000/5,893,000,000=

137.76%

Net Income/Share Equity

ROA: Return on Assets

3,915,000,000/21,329,000,000=

18.36%

5,859,000,000/24,860,000,000=

23.57%

8,118,000,000/29,236,000,000=

27.77%

Net Income/Avg Total Assets

Visa

2019

2018

2017

Formulas

Gross Margin

18,812,000,000/22,977,000,000=81.87%

16,753,000,000/20,609,000,000=81.29%

15,110,000,000/18,358,000,000=82.31%

Gross Profit/Sales

Operating Margin

15,401,000,000/22,977,000,000=67.03%

13,561,000,000/20,609,000,000=65.80%

12,163,000,000/18,358,000,000=66.25%

Operating Income/Revenue

Net Profit Margin

12,080,000,000/22,977,000,000=52.57%

10,301,000,000/20,609,000,000=49.98%

6,699,000,000/18,358,000,000=36.49%

Net Income/Sales

Current Ratio

20970/13415= 1.56

18216/11305 = 1.61

19023/9994 = 1.90

Current assets/current liabilities

Cash Ratio

9184/13415= 0.68

9653/11305 = 0.85

10905/9994 = 1.09

Cash/current liabilities

Debt to Equity

37890/34684= 1.09

35219/34006= 1.04

35217/32760= 1.08

Total Debt/ Total shareholder Equity

ROE: Return on Equity

6,699,000,000/32,760,000,000= 20.45%

10,301,000,000/34,006,000,000=30.29%

12,080,000,000/34,684,000,000=34.86%

Net Income/Share Equity

ROA: Return on Assets

6,699,000,000/67,977,000,000=

9.85%

10,301,000,000/69,225,000,000=14.88%

12,080,000,000/72,574,000,000=16.65%

Net Income/Avg Total Assets

Analysis of MasterCard vs Visa

Strengths of these business

Opportunities moving forward

Potential threats to their business model

Critical Analysis of MasterCard vs Visa

Calculations

Results

Explanation of the importance of the ratio

Analysis of which company has an advantage based upon the calculations

Christina -Include graph and figures to supplement written analysis

Advantages

Disadvantages

Conclusion

Summarize advantages and disadvantages, with an ultimate answer related to which company you would choose to invest using clear and convincing reasoning

Mastercard and Visa have clear advantages and disadvantages in their financial makeup. Both companies have significant profit and sustainability though 2017 to 2019.

We recommend you invest your financial capital with as a shareholder as they are

References

Bloomenthal, A. (2022, September 8). Financial Ratio Analysis: Definition, types, examples, and

how to use. Investopedia. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/ratioanalysis.asp

Bragg, S., 2022. Profitability ratios definition. Accounting Tools. Available at:

https://www.accountingtools.com/articles/profitability-ratios.html [Accessed September

15, 2022].

Dow Jones & Company. (2022). V | visa inc.. cl a annual balance sheet – WSJ. The Wall Street

Journal. Retrieved August 31, 2022, from

https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/V/financials/annual/balance-sheet

Hayes, A., 2022. Visa vs. Mastercard: What’s the difference? Investopedia. Available at:

https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/020215/visa-vs-mastercard-there

-difference.asp [Accessed September 27, 2022].

ADD REFERENCE FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Post an explanation of how the use of CBT in groups compares

Post an explanation of how the use of CBT in groups compares to its use in family or individual settings. Explain at least two challenges PMHNPs might encounter when using CBT in one of these settings. Support your response with specific examples from this week’s media and at least three peer-reviewed, evidence-based sources. Explain why each of your supporting sources is considered scholarly and attach the PDFs of your sources.

Advantages of Individual CBT for Social Anxiety

• Much more flexible in scheduling of sessions, and in the frequency and duration of therapy

• Much more individualized attention and assistance from therapist

• Can work on other concerns in addition to social anxiety

• You will probably feel less anxious in session

Advantages of Social Anxiety CBT Groups

• Less expensive

• Identify with others who share similar problems, and feel less alone

• Support others and be supported by others, which tends to feel good

• Do many in-session and homework experiments with other group members

• Make friends with people who share a common therapy experience (which is a good way to keep making progress after group is over)

• You will probably will feel more anxious in session, which is a great opportunity to learn how to overcome your anxiety in a safe setting

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy – Differences Depending and Setting and Challenges Which May Arise

Cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT] was developed based on the understanding that psychological health is strongly influenced by an individual’s ability to adapt positively to shifting conditions or situations within their environment (Wheeler, 2018). The use of CBT can also be successfully delivered within different settings. This can include individuals, families, couples, or even groups. However, there are specific differences depending on which setting is used.

One major difference is that group CBT must take into consideration several different dynamics such as intragroup cohesion, group norms, roles, pressure, communication structure, comparison, privacy, disclosure along with many other characteristics present in any type of group setting (Roback, 2000). Additionally, in group CBT, it’s important to assure that the correct group members are selected – an issue that does not occur within individual or family CBT. Errors in selecting group members occur most often when there is a mismatch between the therapeutic modality and the severity of the patient’s particular psychopathology (Roback, 2000). An example of this may be in the treatment of social anxiety – where a client who is just beginning treatment may suffer from being thrown into a group setting. However, after individual therapy relieves some symptoms, those suffering from social anxiety have been shown to benefit tremendously from CBT within a group setting (Kawaguchi et al., 2013).

Because CBT is used to treat specific symptoms, you must also assure that all or most members will benefit from its use within a group setting (Tomasulo, 2010). This can, however, be a benefit within group CBT as individuals can meet, relate, and learn with others who have similar shared experiences – usually at a lower cost than individual or family therapy (Thimm & Antonsen, 2014). Group CBT usually does have less flexibility of scheduling than individual or family therapy as well. Something you must consider as the group leader because client dropout is one of the biggest predictors of group CBT failure (Thimm & Antonsen, 2014). And although group CBT usually is a more cost effective treatment option, individual or family sessions can provide much more individualized or family specific treatment plans.

Regardless of setting, you may experience challenges when implementing CBT techniques in practice. One challenge would be treating the acutely psychotic. Wheeler (2020) states that it would be incorrect to assume that severely impaired individuals cannot be treated with CBT. For these individuals, however, a therapist may be required to utilize a greater number of behavioral techniques as opposed to cognitive techniques which would be used when the client is higher functioning (Wheeler, 2020). A challenge that can occur in group CBT specifically would be the normalization of symptoms (PsychExamReview, 2019). This can occur when clients within the group normalize their actions when they interact with others who have similar behaviors (PsychExamReview, 2019). In some cases, clients in group settings can also compare their symptoms to others, leading them to think their issues are less severe causing them to have less motivation to change (PsychExamReview, 2019). This highlights the importance of a group leaders ability to sense and intervene if this begins to occur by reminding group members of appropriate behavior, techniques, and goals.

References

Dummet, N. (2018). Cognitive-behavioral therapy with children, young people and families from individual to systemic therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 16 (1). doi: 10.1192/apt.bp.107.004259

Kawaguchi, A., Watanabe, N., Nakano, Y., Ogawa, S., Suzuki, M., Kondo, M., Furukawa, T., & Akechi, T. (2013). Group cognitive behavioral therapy for patients with generalized social anxiety disorder in Japan: out5comes at 1-year follow up and outcome predictors. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2013 (9), p. 267-275. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3581286/#__ffn_sectitle

PsychExamReview. (2019, April 30). Cognitive therapy, CBT, & group approaches (intro psych tutorial #241) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2_NN1Q7Rfg&ab_channel=PsychExamReview

A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state,

A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

That is the full text of the 2nd amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

If anyone tells you they KNOW! definitively what it means, they are actually giving you their opinion rather than an objective fact. They can’t possibly know, because it’s inherently ambiguous, as much as some people would like to believe otherwise.

Some people say it means that the government has no constitutional authority to limit a citizen’s right to own semi-automatic handguns or an AR-15, or even a Barrett M82 50 caliber rifle. Others, however, say it means that anyone in an official “well-regulated” militia, like the National Guard, has the right to bear arms. But, the response to this goes, the “militia” really means everyone, because when the constitution was drafted, everyone was subject to being activated to repel invaders.

Many historians think evidence points to the conclusion that the 2nd Amendment was ratified *not* to guarantee an individual right to be continually armed, but because there was widespread opposition to a standing army, so state militias were necessary and should not be disarmed. Or, probably more commonly, constitutional historians accept that the right is an individual right, but is conditioned upon the assumption of participation in a militia, and since militias no longer exist, the individual right to keep and bear arms consequently no longer exists.

One example may be found in a brief submitted to the Supreme Court (page 36) in 2008:

“…the authors of the Second Amendment would be flabbergasted to learn that in endorsing the republican principle of a well-regulated militia, they were also precluding restrictions on such potentially dangerous property as firearms, which governments had always regulated when there was “real danger of public injury from individuals.”

Other people may have other interpretations of the 2nd amendment. So when your great uncle Norman (I hope no one actually has a great uncle Norman!) tells you the 2nd amendment gives him a constitutionally guaranteed right to have that AR-15, or even a machine gun, the truth is…. maybe, maybe not.

As it happens, the 9th Circuit Federal Court of Appeals held in an opinion issued on June 9, 2016, that the Second Amendment does not ensure an individual right to bear arms in public. At that link you can download the opinion and also listen to, or even watch video of, the oral argument that led to it.

The Supreme Court held in District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) that the Constitution protects and individual right to own a handgun in the home for self-protection. In contrast, this 9th Circuit opinion (Peruta v. County of San Diego) bears on weapons outside the home. Here is one of many news stories about the Peruta decision. And here is the case page for the Heller decision.

According to Peruta, individuals are not constitutionally barred from carrying weapons, but states or other political subdivisions do not violate constitutional rights by requiring individuals to demonstrate a strong need to have a firearm before issuing a license.

That decision was appealed, but the Supreme Court declined to hear the appeal, leaving the decision’s restriction on public carrying of firearms in place.

This is important because it demonstrates that some people’s broad view of the meaning of 2nd Amendment rights isn’t necessarily justified.

What do you think? Should there be stricter limits on gun ownership and carrying?

Whatever your opinion of gun ownership, carrying and regulation, you should remember that, as documented by the Gun Violence Archive, there were 346 mass shootings in the US in 2017 and 340 in 2018. There have been 12 so far in 2019, and 28 children aged 0-11 killed or injured by gun violence as of January 19, 2019.

NUR 315 Health History and Family Genetic History Write-Up Name: Date: Instructor’s

NUR 315 Health History and Family Genetic History Write-Up

Name: Date:

Instructor’s Name:

Health History (175 points):

The focus of this assignment is on communicating details within the written client record. When taking a health and family history on an actual client, it is essential that the information is accurate. Please inform the person you are interviewing that they do not need to disclose information that they wish to keep confidential. If the interviewee decides not to share information, please write, “Does not want to disclose.”

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA (10 pts)

Date:

Initials:

Age:

Date of birth:

Birthplace:

Gender:

Marital status:

Race:

Religion:

Occupation:

Health insurance:

Source of information:

Reliability of source of information:

PRESENT HEALTH HISTORY/ILLNESS (15 pts)

Reason for seeking care:

Health patterns:

Health goals:

HEALTH BELIEFS AND PRACTICES (15 pts)

Beliefs and practices:

Factors influencing healthcare decisions:

Related traits, habits or acts:

MEDICATIONS (15 pts)

Prescription medications:

Over-the-counter medications:

Herbals:

PAST HISTORY (15 pts)

Childhood diseases:

Immunizations:

Allergies:

Blood transfusions:

Major illnesses:

Injuries:

Hospitalizations:

Labor and deliveries:

Surgeries:

Use of alcohol:

Use of tobacco:

Use of illicit drugs:

EMOTIONAL HISTORY (15 pts)

Mental, emotional or psychiatric problems:

FAMILY HISTORY (15 pts)

Father:

Mother:

Siblings:

Grandparents:

PSYCHOSOCIAL/ OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY (15 pts)

Occupational history:

Educational level:

Financial background:

ROLES AND RELATIONSHIPS (15 pts)

Significant others:

Support systems:

ETHNICITY AND CULTURE (10 pts)

Ethnicity and culture:

Physical and social characteristics that influence healthcare decisions:

SPIRITUALITY (5 pts)

Religious and spiritual needs:

SELF-CONCEPT (5 pts)

View of self-worth:

Future plans:

REVIEW OF SYSTEMS (20 pts)

Skin, hair, nails:

Head, neck, related lymphatics:

Eyes:

Ears, nose, mouth, and throat:

Respiratory:

Breasts and axillae:

Cardiovascular:

Peripheral vascular:

Abdomen:

Urinary:

Reproductive:

Musculoskeletal:

Neurologic:

Historio week 6 posts DP Brown’s narrative of Tacky’s Revolt is revealing

Financial Analysis: Mastercard vs.Visa Financial Analysis: Mastercard vs.Visa XXX MBA 615 XX

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A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state,

NUR 315 Health History and Family Genetic History Write-Up Name: Date: Instructor’s

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